| Autor: |
Thompson RC; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK., Courtene-Jones W; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK., Boucher J; EA-Earth Action, CH 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland., Pahl S; Environmental Psychology Group, Faculty of Psychology and Environment and Climate Research Hub, University of Vienna, 1010 Wien, Austria., Raubenheimer K; Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia., Koelmans AA; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. |
| Abstrakt: |
Twenty years after the first publication that used the term microplastic, we review current understanding, refine definitions, and consider future prospects. Microplastics arise from multiple sources, including tires, textiles, cosmetics, paint, and the fragmentation of larger items. They are widely distributed throughout the natural environment, with evidence of harm at multiple levels of biological organization. They are pervasive in food and drink and have been detected throughout the human body, with emerging evidence of negative effects. Environmental contamination could double by 2040, and wide-scale harm has been predicted. Public concern is increasing, and diverse measures to address microplastic pollution are being considered in international negotiations. Clear evidence on the efficacy of potential solutions is now needed to address the issue and to minimize the risks of unintended consequences. |
