Combining statistical analyses and GIS-based approach for modeling the sanitary boundary of drinking water wells in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| Autor: | Teikeu A W; Department of Environmental Engineering, National Advanced School of Public Works, P.O. Box 510, Yaounde, Cameroon., Edna Buhnyuy V; Department of Environmental Engineering, National Advanced School of Public Works, P.O. Box 510, Yaounde, Cameroon., Njeudjang K; Department of Quality Industrial Safety and Environment, Faculty of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, 46, Maroua, Cameroon., Assembe SP; Department of Environmental Engineering, National Advanced School of Public Works, P.O. Box 510, Yaounde, Cameroon., Aretouyap Z; Department of Architecture and Engineering Art, Institute of Fine Arts, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 31, Foumban, Cameroon., Njandjock Nouck P; Laboratory of Geophysics and Geoexploration, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Heliyon [Heliyon] 2024 Aug 23; Vol. 10 (17), pp. e36765. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 23 (Print Publication: 2024). |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36765 |
| Abstrakt: | In slums and urban areas with unplanned housing such as in the city of Yaounde, Cameroon, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation pose significant health risks. The absence of locally-defined sanitary boundaries, tailored to hydrogeological conditions, hinders effective zoning and land use planning, exacerbating environmental degradation and health hazards. In this study, the sanitary boundary between drinking water wells and sources of pollution in the city of Yaoundé was defined using statistical analysis techniques and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) and certain significant parameters affecting water quality notably the transmissivity of the aquifer and well depth were used to establish the sanitary boundary equation which was then interpolated in a GIS environment to obtain the sanitary boundary map of the study area. The linear equation deduced from the significant factors was defined to map the health boundaries between wells and pollution sources for a nominal value of the GWQI (GWQI = 25). Of the 112 wells analysed, 37 % had an excellent GWQI, 16 % were good while the remaining 47 % were poor. Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the GWQI and significant factors of groundwater pollution, such as the distance between well and pit latrines (r = -0.753), the aquifer transmissivity of the formation (r = 0.671) and the depth of the wells (r = - 0.855) but no correlation with elevation (r = 0.017) and well age (r = 0.090). Linear regression analysis confirmed the association of the GWQI with the main factors of pollution (p ≤ 0.05). A coefficient of determination of R 2 = 0.85 was obtained when validating the linear regression plot based on independent data between measured and predicted GWQI. The sanitary boundary map shows that the wells in our study area should be located between 39 m and 370 m, with an average value of 215 m. New regulations on the distance between well and pit latrines are essential to prevent groundwater pollution. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2024 The Authors.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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