| Autor: |
de Melo Neto JS; Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil.; School of Health Sciences, University of the state of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69005-010, AM, Brazil., Miguez SF; School of Health Sciences, University of the state of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69005-010, AM, Brazil., Rabelo ALR; Doctoral Program in Public Health in the Amazon, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil., Silva AMD; Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Manaus 69057-070, AM, Brazil., Sacramento DS; School of Health Sciences, University of the state of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69005-010, AM, Brazil., das Neves DBS; School of Health Sciences, University of the state of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69005-010, AM, Brazil., Rego IN; Doctoral Program in Public Health in the Amazon, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil., Garcia RLM; Doctoral Program in Public Health in the Amazon, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil., Galhardo DDR; Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil., Neves ALMD; School of Health Sciences, University of the state of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69005-010, AM, Brazil. |
| Abstrakt: |
Bladder cancer is one of the most economically costly types of cancer, but few studies have evaluated its mortality considering the factors that impact this outcome. This study aimed to investigate the impact of sociodemographic factors, period, cohort, and health services on bladder cancer mortality. This ecological study analyzed bladder cancer mortality data in Brazil from 2000 to 2022 and evaluated sociodemographic variables (race, region of residence), socioeconomic variables (gross domestic product per capita, Gini index of household income per capita, number of health professionals per inhabitant, expenditure on public health services, and consultations per inhabitant), and bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment procedures. These data were subjected to statistical analysis, which revealed that after the age of 50, there was a progressive increase in the risk of bladder cancer. Indigenous people had the lowest mortality rate, while white people had a significantly greater mortality rate than black and brown people. The North Region and Northeast Region presented the lowest mortality rates, whereas the South Region presented the highest mortality rates. In the South and Southeast Regions, a higher GDP was related to lower mortality. In the South, higher mortality was associated with a lower number of consultations per inhabitant per region. Fewer bladder punctures/aspirations and bladder biopsies were associated with higher mortality rates. In oncology, more procedures, such as total cystectomy, cystoenteroplasty, and total cystectomy with a single shunt, do not reduce the mortality rate. These results can serve as guidelines for adjusting public health policies. |
