Experimental Verification of Demon-Involved Fluctuation Theorems.

Autor: Yan LL; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.; Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China., Bu JT; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.; School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China., Zeng Q; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China., Zhang K; School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.; Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xi'an 710127, China., Cui KF; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China., Zhou F; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China., Su SL; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.; Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China., Chen L; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.; Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 511458, China., Wang J; Center for Theoretical Interdisciplinary Sciences, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China.; Departments of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA., Chen G; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.; Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China., Feng M; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.; Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 511458, China.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Physical review letters [Phys Rev Lett] 2024 Aug 30; Vol. 133 (9), pp. 090402.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.090402
Abstrakt: The limit of energy saving in the control of small systems has recently attracted much interest due to the concept refinement of the Maxwell demon. Inspired by a newly proposed set of fluctuation theorems, we report the first experimental verification of these equalities and inequalities in an ultracold ^{40}Ca^{+} ion system, confirming the intrinsic nonequilibrium in the system due to involvement of the demon. Based on elaborately designed demon-involved control protocols, such as the Szilard engine protocol, we provide experimentally quantitative evidence of the dissipative information and observe tighter bounds of both the extracted work and the demon's efficacy than the limits predicted by the Sagawa-Ueda theorem. Our results substantiate a close connection between the physical nature of information and nonequilibrium processes at the microscale, which help to further understand the thermodynamic characteristics of information and the optimal design of nanoscale and smaller systems.
Databáze: MEDLINE