Decoding the secret of extracellular vesicles in the immune tumor microenvironment of the glioblastoma: on the border of kingdoms.

Autor:	Ghazi B; Immunopathology-Immunotherapy-Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco.; Mohammed VI International University Hospital, Bouskoura, Morocco., Harmak Z; Immuno-genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco., Rghioui M; Immunopathology-Immunotherapy-Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco.; Mohammed VI International University Hospital, Bouskoura, Morocco., Kone AS; Immuno-genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco., El Ghanmi A; Immunopathology-Immunotherapy-Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco.; Mohammed VI International University Hospital, Bouskoura, Morocco., Badou A; Immuno-genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.; Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco.; Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2024 Aug 29; Vol. 15, pp. 1423232. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 29 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423232
Abstrakt:	Over the last decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become increasingly popular for their roles in various pathologies, including cancer and neurological and immunological disorders. EVs have been considered for a long time as a means for normal cells to get rid of molecules it no longer needs. It is now well established that EVs play their biological roles also following uptake or by the interaction of EV surface proteins with cellular receptors and membranes. In this review, we summarize the current status of EV production and secretion in glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of glioma associated with high mortality. The main purpose is to shed light on the EVs as a universal mediator of interkingdom and intrakingdom communication in the context of tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. We focus on the immunomodulatory EV functions in glioblastoma-immune cross-talk to enhance immune escape and reprogram tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We critically examine the evidence that GBM-, immune cell-, and microbiome-derived EVs impact local tumor microenvironment and host immune responses, and can enter the circulatory system to disseminate and drive premetastatic niche formation in distant organs. Taking into account the current state of the art in intratumoral microbiome studies, we discuss the emerging role of bacterial EV in glioblastoma and its response to current and future therapies including immunotherapies. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2024 Ghazi, Harmak, Rghioui, Kone, El Ghanmi and Badou.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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