Fast, Easy, and Reproducible Fingerprint Methods for Endotoxin Characterization in Nanocellulose and Alginate-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds.

Autor: Zuber J; Department of Analytical Chemistry, TU Freiberg, Leipziger Street 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany., Lopes Cascabulho P; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-853 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Laboratory of Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Laboratory of Biomineralization, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Gemini Piperni S; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Nanostructured Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Farias Corrêa do Amaral RJ; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-853 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Laboratory of Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Laboratory of Biomineralization, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Vogt C; Department of Analytical Chemistry, TU Freiberg, Leipziger Street 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany., Carre V; Université de Lorraine, LCP-A2MC, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57000 Metz, France., Hertzog J; Université de Lorraine, LCP-A2MC, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57000 Metz, France., Kontturi E; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland., Trubetskaya A; Department of Biosciences, Nord University, Kongensgate 42, 7713 Steinkjer, Norway.; Department of Engineering, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biomacromolecules [Biomacromolecules] 2024 Oct 14; Vol. 25 (10), pp. 6762-6772. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 12.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00989
Abstrakt: Nanocellulose- and alginate-based hydrogels have been suggested as potential wound-healing materials, but their utilization is limited by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements regarding endotoxin levels. Cytotoxicity and the presence of endotoxin were assessed after gel sterilization using an autoclave and UV treatment. A new fingerprinting method was developed to characterize the compounds detected in cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)- and cellulose-nanofiber (CNF)-based hydrogels using both positive- and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy (ESI FT-ICR MS). These biobased hydrogels were used as scaffolds for the cultivation and growth of human dermal fibroblasts to test their biocompatibility. A resazurin-based assay was preferred over all other biocompatibility methodologies since it allowed for the evaluation of viability over time in the same sample without causing cell lysis. The CNF dispersion of 6 EU mL -1 was slightly above the limits, and it did not affect the cell viability, whereas CNC hydrogels induced a reduction of metabolic activity by the fibroblasts. The chemical structure of the detected endotoxins did not contain phosphates, but it encompassed hydrophobic sulfonate groups, requiring the development of new high-pressure sterilization methods for the use of cellulose hydrogels in medicine.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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