Anger Expression Styles, Cynical Hostility, and the Risk for the Development of Type 2 Diabetes or Diabetes-Related Heart Complications: Secondary Analysis of the Health and Retirement Study.

Autor:	Ward RA; From the Department of Psychology (Ward, Forget, Burns), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Lindekilde), Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research (Lindekilde), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; School of Psychology (Deschênes), University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychology (Pouwer), University of Southern Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense (Pouwer), Odense, Denmark; Department of Medical Psychology (Pouwer), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry (Schmitz), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Population-Based Medicine (Schmitz), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine (Schram), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands., Forget G, Lindekilde N, Deschênes SS, Pouwer F, Schmitz N, Schram M, Burns RJ
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Psychosomatic medicine [Psychosom Med] 2024 Nov-Dec 01; Vol. 86 (9), pp. 758-767. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 11.
DOI:	10.1097/PSY.0000000000001344
Abstrakt:	Objective: Limited research has examined associations between trait anger and hostility and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetes-related heart complications. However, anger expression styles (i.e., anger-in, anger-out) have not been examined. The present study used secondary data to examine the associations between anger expression styles, cynical hostility, and the risk of developing T2D (objective 1) or diabetes-related heart complications (objective 2). Methods: Self-report data came from participants aged 50 to 75 years in the Health and Retirement Study. Anger-in (anger that is suppressed and directed toward oneself, anger-out (anger directed toward other people or the environment), and cynical hostility were measured at baseline (2006 or 2008). Follow-up data (i.e., diabetes status or diabetes-related heart complications status) were collected every 2 years thereafter until 2020. The objective 1 sample included 7898 participants without T2D at baseline, whereas the objective 2 sample included 1340 participants with T2D but without heart complications at baseline. Results: Only anger-in was significantly associated with incident T2D after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics (hazard ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.16), but the association did not hold after further adjustment for depressive symptoms. Only anger-out was significantly associated with incident diabetes-related heart complications after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health-related covariates, and depressive symptoms (hazard ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.39). Conclusions: Anger expression styles were differentially related to diabetes outcomes. These findings demonstrate the value of expanding the operationalization of anger beyond trait anger in this literature and encourage further investigation of anger expression styles. (Copyright © 2024 by the American Psychosomatic Society.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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