| Autor: |
Shalaby SEM; National Research Centre, Pests & Plant Protection Department, Cairo, Egypt., Saber AN; Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Giza, Egypt., Hussien M; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Pesticide Formulation, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt., Alsubaie FM; Institute of Refining and Petrochemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Alminderej FM; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia., Ali R; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia., Sara H; Department of Pesticide, Faculty of Agriculture, Menofiya University, Shebien El-Kom, Egypt., Abdallah OI; Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Giza, Egypt., Malhat FM; Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Giza, Egypt. |
| Abstrakt: |
Little information is available on the adverse effects of expired pesticides on the environment, so it is essential to characterize the risk of these chemicals to non-target organisms. Therefore, this work aims to estimate and compare the acute toxicity (LD50) of unexpired and expired formulations of malathion, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin in rats and to determine their residues in the liver and kidneys of treated rats. This is the first study to investigate the toxic effects of expired pesticides on rats. The acute toxicity of expired lambda-cyhalothrin was higher than that of non-expired rats, while the opposite was observed in rats treated with malathion and chlorpyrifos. All formulations tested caused clinical signs of toxicity in the treated rats. The data showed that some expired formulations significantly affected body weight and estimated vital signs compared to non-expired pesticides. The data showed that the highest residues were found in the liver and kidneys of rats treated with both malathion formulations, followed by chlorpyrifos; however, the lowest residues were found in rats treated with lambda-cyhalothrin, which can be referred to as LD50 values of the insecticides tested. The residues detected after the 10th dose gradually decreased at the end of the recovery period, and their losses ranged from 80.0 to 95.4% in the liver and from 92.3 to 99.99% (undetectable). The results show that the toxic effects of expired and non-expired formulations are different. This underlines the need to dispose of expired compounds carefully to prevent their discharge into the ecosystem. |
