Cardiovascular Disease Patterns, Mortality, and Hospitalization Trends in Adults Over 18: Insights From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Database.

Autor:	Okobi OE; Family Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital Palm Springs Campus, Miami, USA.; Family Medicine, Medficient Health Systems, Laurel, USA.; Family Medicine, Lakeside Medical Center, Belle Glade, USA., Nwogwugwu E; Internal Medicine, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, New York, USA., Ihezie CO; Orthopedics, Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Owerri, NGA., Olasupo OO; Internal Medicine, Phoenix Rehabilitation and Nursing Center, New York, USA., Emovon CI; Internal Medicine, Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, New York, USA., Wambai-Sani H; Family Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Basseterre, KNA., Ezie OB; Family Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City, NGA., Afolabi AR; Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.; Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA., Erinne OC; Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA., O'dare RA; Nursing, South University, Savannah, Savannah, USA.; General Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AUT.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Aug 10; Vol. 16 (8), pp. e66604. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 10 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.66604
Abstrakt:	Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, heart attacks, strokes, and hypertension, are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and public health initiatives, the prevalence of CVD continues to rise. Hence, understanding trends of predisposing factors for CVD and current treatment modalities such as medication use and frequency of hospitalization is essential for developing effective interventions and improving public health strategies. This study leverages Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to analyze these trends among adults older than 18 years. Methods Data were sourced from the BRFSS database, analyzing CVD patterns from 2019 to 2021. The study included adults with high cholesterol or blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Data analysis utilized age-adjusted prevalence, mortality, and hospitalization rates. Results The analysis of the BRFSS data revealed several key trends in CVD patterns from 2019 to 2021. There was a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the age-adjusted prevalence of adults taking medication for high cholesterol, rising from 28.9% to 31%, and for controlling high blood pressure, increasing from 57.7% to 60.4%. From 2019 to 2021, coronary heart disease mortality increased from 360,900 to 382,820, while stroke deaths rose from 150,005 to 162,890. Trends show rising mortality for both conditions despite missing data for some years. Mortality rates for coronary heart disease and stroke also rose and were statistically significant (p<0.05), with coronary heart disease mortality increasing from 88 to 92.8 cases per 100,000, and stroke mortality from 37 to 41.1 cases per 100,000. Hospitalization rates for heart failure among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older initially decreased in 2020, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic impacting hospital admissions, but rose again in 2021 as healthcare-seeking behaviors normalized. Significant gender and racial disparities were observed, with higher mortality rates among males (127.4 per 100,000) and Black, non-Hispanic individuals (110.5 per 100,000). Conclusions This study highlights the increasing medication use for cholesterol and blood pressure among adults older than 18 years, yet mortality rates for coronary heart disease and stroke persist. Significant gender and racial disparities in medication use and mortality rates were observed. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health intervention towards improving medication adherence and addressing social determinants of health, to reduce CVD burden and enhance health equity across diverse populations. Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Okobi et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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