Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their Management: An In-Depth Review of Current Practices and Emerging Therapies.

Autor:	Nagpal AK; Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND., Pundkar A; Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND., Singh A; Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND., Gadkari C; Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Aug 09; Vol. 16 (8), pp. e66549. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 09 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.66549
Abstrakt:	Cardiac arrhythmias encompass a range of conditions characterized by abnormal heart rhythms, affecting millions globally and significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current practices and emerging therapies in managing cardiac arrhythmias, covering their definition, classification, epidemiology, and the critical importance of effective management. It explores the pathophysiology underlying various arrhythmias, including the mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis, such as re-entry, automaticity, and triggered activity. The review details the latest diagnostic tools, including ECG, Holter monitoring, and electrophysiological studies, and discusses the clinical presentation of different arrhythmias, from supraventricular to ventricular types and bradyarrhythmias. We examine current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies, such as antiarrhythmic drugs, catheter ablation, and device therapy, highlighting their efficacy and limitations. Furthermore, the review delves into emerging therapies, including advanced catheter ablation techniques, novel antiarrhythmic agents, gene therapy, and innovative device technologies like leadless pacemakers and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Special considerations for managing arrhythmias in diverse populations, including pediatrics, the elderly, and pregnant women, are discussed. Additionally, the review explores future directions in arrhythmia management, emphasizing personalized medicine, artificial intelligence applications, and the integration of advanced technologies in diagnosis and treatment. By synthesizing current knowledge and prospects, this review aims to enhance understanding and promote advancements in the field, ultimately improving patient outcomes with cardiac arrhythmias. Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Nagpal et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu