Soil surveillance for monitoring soil-transmitted helminths: Method development and field testing in three countries.

Autor: Manuel M; The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India., Amato HK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America., Pilotte N; Department of Biological Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States of America., Chieng B; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., Araka SB; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., Siko JEE; Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin.; Centre de Recherche pour la lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales (CReMIT/TIDRC), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Bénin., Harris M; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America., Nadimpalli ML; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America., Janagaraj V; The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India., Houngbegnon P; Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin., Rajendiran R; The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India., Thamburaj J; The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India., Kaliappan SP; The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India., Sirois AR; Department of Biological Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States of America., Walch G; Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America., Oswald WE; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.; Global Health Division, International Development Group, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America., Asbjornsdottir KH; Center of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.; DeWorm3, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America., Galagan SR; DeWorm3, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America., Walson JL; DeWorm3, Departments of Global Health, Medicine, Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.; Departments of International Health, Medicine and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America., Williams SA; Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America.; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America., Luty AJF; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France., Njenga SM; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., Ibikounlé M; Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin.; Centre de Recherche pour la lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales (CReMIT/TIDRC), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Bénin., Ajjampur SSR; The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India., Pickering AJ; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.; Blum Center for Developing Economies, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2024 Sep 06; Vol. 18 (9), pp. e0012416. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 06 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012416
Abstrakt: Background: One-fifth of the global population is infected with soil-transmitted helminths (STH). Mass drug administration (MDA) with deworming medication is widely implemented to control morbidity associated with STH infections. However, surveillance of human infection prevalence by collecting individual stool samples is time-consuming, costly, often stigmatized, and logistically challenging. Current methods of STH detection are poorly sensitive, particularly in low-intensity and low-prevalence populations.
Methodology/principal Findings: We aimed to develop a sensitive and specific molecular method for detecting STH DNA in large volumes of soil (20 g) by conducting laboratory and proof of concept studies across field sites in Kenya, Benin, and India. We collected human stool (n = 669) and soil (n = 478) from 322 households across the three study sites. We developed protocols for DNA extraction from 20 g of soil and qPCR to detect Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus, and Ancylostoma duodenale. Agreement between detection of STH via qPCR, digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), and microscopy-based methods was assessed using the Cohen's Kappa statistic. Finally, we estimated associations between soil characteristics and detection of STH in soil by qPCR, as well as between STH detected in soil and STH detected in stool from matched households, adjusting for soil characteristics. The overall prevalence of STH in soil by qPCR was 31% for A. lumbricoides, 3% for T. trichiura, and 13% for any hookworm species. ddPCR and qPCR performed similarly. However, there was poor agreement between STH detected in soil by qPCR versus light microscopy. Microscopy underestimated the prevalence of A. lumbricoides and N. americanus and overestimated T. trichiura. Detection of an STH species in household soil was strongly associated with increased odds of a household member being infected with that same species.
Conclusions/significance: Soil surveillance for STH has several benefits over stool-based surveillance, including lower cost and higher success rates for sample collection. Considering that delivery of MDA occurs at the community level, environmental surveillance using molecular methods could be a cost-effective alternate strategy for monitoring STH in these populations.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Manuel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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