The relationship between selected sexually transmitted pathogens, HPV and HIV infection status in women presenting with gynaecological symptoms in Maputo City, Mozambique.

Autor: Maueia C; Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique., Murahwa A; Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Manjate A; Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden., Sacarlal J; Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique., Kenga D; Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique., Unemo M; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.; Institute for Global Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom., Andersson S; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.; Unit for Vaccination Programs, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden., Mussá T; Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique., Williamson AL; Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Sep 06; Vol. 19 (9), pp. e0307781. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 06 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307781
Abstrakt: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have a profound impact on sexual and reproductive health worldwide. Syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis are four currently curable STIs. However, most STI cases are asymptomatic and not detected without laboratory diagnostics. Hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) are four viral and incurable infections, but they can be mitigated by treatment. We investigated the prevalence of selected sexually transmitted pathogens and their relationship with HPV and HIV infection in women from Maputo, the capital of Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 233 non-pregnant women seeking health care relating to gynecological symptoms in Mavalane Health facilities in Maputo, between the 1st of February 2018 and the 30th of July 2019. Cervical brush samples were collected and DNA was extracted. Selected STIs including HPV were detected using multiplex STD and HPV Direct Flow Chip Kits through a manual Hybrispot platform (Vitro, Master Diagnostica, Sevilla, Spain). HIV testing was performed using rapid tests: Determine HIV 1/2 test (Alere Abbott Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan) for screening, and UniGold HIV (Trinity Biotech, Ireland) for confirmation. All women (n = 233) were negative for Haemophilus ducreyi and Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1). Among the 233 women, a high prevalence of STIs was found (89%), 63% of the women were positive for HPV and 24% were HIV positive. Treponema pallidum (TP), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) were detected in 17%, 14%, 8%, and 8% of the women, respectively. As a common phenomenon, vaginal discharge (90%) was the lower genital tract symptom reported by the majority of the women. Co-infection with any STI and HPV was detected in 56% (130/233) while 45% (59/130) of the co-infections were with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes. Among the HPV-positive participants, infection by TP was the most prevalent (27%). In total, 28% (66/233) of the participants were positive for any hrHPV genotypes. Co-infection with any STI and HIV was found in 15% (34/233) of the study participants. There was a significant association between HPV infection and TP (p = 0.039) and HSV-2 (p = 0.005). TV, TP, and CT-S1-CT-S2 positivity were significantly more prevalent in HIV-positive participants. Pathobionts Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum and Mycoplasma hominis were detected in 84.0% (195/233) and 45% (105/233), respectively. This present study describes a high prevalence of STIs. Co-infection between HPV and STIs was found in the majority of the study subjects. The high prevalence of HPV emphasizes the need for HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer in this population. Management of STIs is also important in women presenting with gynecological symptoms.
Competing Interests: No authors have competing interests
(Copyright: © 2024 Maueia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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