Genetic drift, historic migration, and limited gene flow contributing to the subpopulation divergence in wild sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang).

Autor: Tehseen MM; Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America., Wyatt NA; USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Sugarbeet and Potato Research Unit, Fargo, ND, United States of America., Bolton MD; USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Sugarbeet and Potato Research Unit, Fargo, ND, United States of America., Fugate KK; USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Sugarbeet and Potato Research Unit, Fargo, ND, United States of America., Preister LS; USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Sugarbeet and Potato Research Unit, Fargo, ND, United States of America., Yang S; USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Cereal Research Unit, Fargo, ND, United States of America., Ramachandran V; USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Sugarbeet and Potato Research Unit, Fargo, ND, United States of America., Li X; Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America., Chu C; USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Sugarbeet and Potato Research Unit, Fargo, ND, United States of America.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Sep 06; Vol. 19 (9), pp. e0308626. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 06 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308626
Abstrakt: Cultivated beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) originated from sea beet (B. vulgaris ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang), a wild beet species widely distributed along the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, as well as northern Africa. Understanding the evolution of sea beet will facilitate its efficient use in sugarbeet improvement. We used SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) covering the whole genome to analyze 599 sea beet accessions collected from the north Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea coasts. All B. maritima accessions can be grouped into eight clusters with each corresponding to a specific geographic region. Clusters 2, 3 and 4 with accessions mainly collected from Mediterranean coasts are genetically close to each other as well as to Cluster 6 that contained mainly cultivated beet. Other clusters were relatively distinct from cultivated beets with Clusters 1 and 5 containing accessions from north Atlantic Ocean coasts, Clusters 7 and Cluster 8 mainly have accessions from northern Egypt and southern Europe, and northwest Morocco, respectively. Distribution of B. maritima subpopulations aligns well with the direction of marine currents that was considered a main dynamic force in spreading B. maritima during evolution. Estimation of genetic diversity indices supported the formation of B. maritima subpopulations due to local genetic drift, historic migration, and limited gene flow. Our results indicated that B. maritima originated from southern Europe and then spread to other regions through marine currents to form subpopulations. This research provides vital information for conserving, collecting, and utilizing wild sea beet to sustain sugarbeet improvement.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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