Connectivity defines the distinctive anatomy and function of the hand-knob area.

Autor:	Beyh A; NatBrainLab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA., Howells H; NatBrainLab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK., Giampiccolo D; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.; Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK.; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic London, London SW1X 7HY, UK., Cancemi D; NatBrainLab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK., De Santiago Requejo F; NatBrainLab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK., Citro S; IRCCS, SYNLAB, SDN,Naples 80121, Italy., Keeble H; NatBrainLab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK., Lavrador JP; Neurosurgical Department, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK., Bhangoo R; Neurosurgical Department, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK., Ashkan K; Neurosurgical Department, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK., Dell'Acqua F; NatBrainLab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK., Catani M; IRCCS, SYNLAB, SDN,Naples 80121, Italy., Vergani F; Neurosurgical Department, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Brain communications [Brain Commun] 2024 Aug 13; Vol. 6 (5), pp. fcae261. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 13 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1093/braincomms/fcae261
Abstrakt:	Control of the hand muscles during fine digit movements requires a high level of sensorimotor integration, which relies on a complex network of cortical and subcortical hubs. The components of this network have been extensively studied in human and non-human primates, but discrepancies in the findings obtained from different mapping approaches are difficult to interpret. In this study, we defined the cortical and connectional components of the hand motor network in the same cohort of 20 healthy adults and 3 neurosurgical patients. We used multimodal structural magnetic resonance imaging (including T1-weighted imaging and diffusion tractography), as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). The motor map obtained from nTMS compared favourably with the one obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging, both of which overlapped well within the 'hand-knob' region of the precentral gyrus and in an adjacent region of the postcentral gyrus. nTMS stimulation of the precentral and postcentral gyri led to motor-evoked potentials in the hand muscles in all participants, with more responses recorded from precentral stimulations. We also observed that precentral stimulations tended to produce motor-evoked potentials with shorter latencies and higher amplitudes than postcentral stimulations. Tractography showed that the region of maximum overlap between terminations of precentral-postcentral U-shaped association fibres and somatosensory projection tracts colocalizes with the functional motor maps. The relationships between the functional maps, and between them and the tract terminations, were replicated in the patient cohort. Three main conclusions can be drawn from our study. First, the hand-knob region is a reliable anatomical landmark for the functional localization of fine digit movements. Second, its distinctive shape is determined by the convergence of highly myelinated long projection fibres and short U-fibres. Third, the unique role of the hand-knob area is explained by its direct action on the spinal motoneurons and the access to high-order somatosensory information for the online control of fine movements. This network is more developed in the hand region compared to other body parts of the homunculus motor strip, and it may represent an important target for enhancing motor learning during early development. Competing Interests: The authors report no competing interests. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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