Dopamine mediates a directionally opposite correlation between empathy and the reinforcing effects of amphetamine and gambling in people with gambling disorder vs. healthy controls.

Autor: Zack M; Molecular Brain Sciences Dept., Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Electronic address: martin.zack@camh.ca., Behzadi A; Vivian M. Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada., Biback C; Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada., Chugani B; Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada., DiGiacomo D; Addiction Psychiatry Service, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada., Fang T; Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada., Houle S; Vivian M. Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada., Kalia A; Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada., Lobo D; Addiction Psychiatry Service, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada., Payer D; Vivian M. Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada., Poulos CX; Molecular Brain Sciences Dept., Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada., Rusjan PM; Vivian M. Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada., Smart K; Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Vivian M. Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada., Tatone D; Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada., Warsh J; Vivian M. Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada., Wilson AA; Vivian M. Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada., Kennedy JL; Molecular Brain Sciences Dept., Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior [Pharmacol Biochem Behav] 2024 Dec; Vol. 245, pp. 173865. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 03.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173865
Abstrakt: Understanding the relationship between empathy, subjective effects of addictive reinforcers and dopamine function in people with gambling disorder (PGD) vs. healthy controls (HCs) may inform GD treatment. The current investigation addressed this issue via retrospective analysis of data from three studies using amphetamine and a slot machine (SLOTS) as reinforcers in PGD and HCs. The Empathy scale of Eysenck's Impulsiveness Questionnaire assessed trait Empathy. The Gamblers Beliefs Questionnaire assessed cognitive distortions. The Eysenck Lie scale assessed socially desirable responding. PET scans quantified dopamine receptor expression and amphetamine-induced dopamine release in Study 1. Pre-treatment with the D2-receptor (D2R)-preferring antagonist, haloperidol or D1R-D2R antagonist, fluphenazine before SLOTS tested the role of D2 autoreceptors and post-synaptic D2R in Study 2. Pre-treatment with the multi-system indirect dopamine agonist, modafinil before SLOTS assessed the reliability of correlations in PGD. Striatal D2R expression predicted greater Empathy and lower amphetamine 'Liking' in HCs, and predicted greater symptom severity in PGD. Empathy predicted lower 'Exciting' effects of SLOTS under placebo in HCs; no correlation emerged under either antagonist. Relative to placebo, haloperidol decreased, whereas fluphenazine increased, the positive correlation between Empathy and Exciting effects of SLOTS in PGD. Modafinil markedly reduced the positive correlation between Empathy and Exciting effects of SLOTS seen under placebo in PGD. Empathy predicted greater cognitive distortions in PGD in all studies. Lie scale variance influenced several primary effects. Prior research linking the insula with Empathy, reactivity to interoceptive signals for risky rewards (uncertainty), and cognitive distortions, provides a parsimonious account for these results.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None of the authors declares a conflict of interest in the report of the findings in this manuscript. There was no use of Artificial Intelligence or any AI application in the preparation of this manuscript.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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