Plant but not animal sourced nitrate intake is associated with lower dementia-related mortality in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study.

Autor:	Rajendra A; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia., Bondonno NP; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.; The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark., Zhong L; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia., Radavelli-Bagatini S; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia., Murray K; School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia., Rainey-Smith SR; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia.; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.; Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia., Gardener SL; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia.; Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia., Blekkenhorst LC; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia., Magliano DJ; Diabetes and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Shaw JE; Diabetes and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Daly RM; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia., Anstey KJ; School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, NSW, Australia.; UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, Kensington, NSW, Australia., Lewis JR; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Hodgson JM; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia., Bondonno CP; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in nutrition [Front Nutr] 2024 Aug 21; Vol. 11, pp. 1327042. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 21 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.3389/fnut.2024.1327042
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Dietary nitrate is potentially beneficial for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and nervous systems due to its role as a nitric oxide (NO) precursor. Increased nitrate intake improves cardiovascular health and therefore could protect against dementia, given the cardiovascular-dementia link. Objective: To investigate the association between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality. As individuals with diabetes are at higher risk of dementia, a secondary aim was to investigate if the associations between nitrate and dementia varied by diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes status. Methods: This study involved 9,149 participants aged ≥25 years from the well-characterised Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study followed over a period of 17 years. Intakes of plant-sourced, vegetable-sourced, naturally occurring animal-sourced nitrate, and processed meat (where nitrate is an allowed additive)-sourced nitrate were assessed from a 74-item food frequency questionnaire completed by participants at baseline and nitrate databases were used to estimate nitrate from these different dietary sources. Associations between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality were assessed using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Results: Over 17 years of follow-up, 93 (1.0%) dementia-related deaths occurred of 1,237 (13.5%) total deaths. In multivariable-adjusted models, participants with the highest intakes of plant-sourced nitrate (median intake 98 mg/day) had a 57% lower risk of dementia-related mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.43 (0.22, 0.87)] compared to participants with lowest intakes of plant-sourced nitrate (median intake 35 mg/day). A 66% lower risk was also seen for higher intakes of vegetable-sourced nitrate [HR (95% CI): 0.34 (0.17, 0.66)]. No association was observed for animal-sourced nitrate, but the risk was two times higher amongst those who consumed the most processed meat-sourced nitrate intake [HR (95%): 2.10 (1.07, 4.12)]. The highest intake of vegetable-sourced nitrate was associated with a lower risk of dementia-related mortality for those with and without DM and pre-diabetes. Conclusion: Encouraging the intake of nitrate-rich vegetables, such as green leafy vegetables and beetroot, may lower the risk of dementia-related mortality, particularly in individuals with (pre-) diabetes who are at a higher dementia risk. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. (Copyright © 2024 Rajendra, Bondonno, Zhong, Radavelli-Bagatini, Murray, Rainey-Smith, Gardener, Blekkenhorst, Magliano, Shaw, Daly, Anstey, Lewis, Hodgson and Bondonno.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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