Uneven changes in air and crown temperatures associated with snowpack changes affect the phenology of overwintering cereals.

Autor: Shimoda S; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro Research Station (NARO/HARC/M), Shinsei-Minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan. Electronic address: sss@affrc.go.jp., Shimazaki Y; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Central Agricultural Research Center, Hokuriku Research Station (NARO/CARC/H), Inada, Joetsu, Niigata 943-0193, Japan., Ikenaga S; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center (NARO/TARC), Kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan., Kawakita S; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center (NARO/WARC), Nishifukatsu, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan., Nakajima M; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center (NARO/TARC), Kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan., Seki M; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Central Agricultural Research Center, (NARO/CARC), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2024 Nov 25; Vol. 953, pp. 175750. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 01.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175750
Abstrakt: Time series analysis of overwintering cereals in snowy areas has revealed several phenological patterns associated with climate changes in winter. Herein, to investigate the recent effect of climatic variations on overwintering cereals, we investigated the phenology over multiple decades at three snowy region sites with an air temperature (T air ) increase trend of 0.48-1.09 °C/decade. Our findings were as follows: heading trends differed within the same cultivar at different sites; phenology was promoted with increasing temperatures in cooler regions and decreasing snow duration in regions with heavy snow; crown temperature (T crown ) was a more direct determinant than T air in phenology estimation model in regions with heavy snow. A thermal gap of more than a few degrees Celsius between T air and T crown , owing to the insulation effect of snowpack, affected the phenology of overwintering cereals. A shorter snow cover period promoted phenology in locations with temperatures >0 °C. Subsequently, we found that when the thermal gap was >0 °C of the growing temperature range, T crown directly helped determine the phenology of overwintering cereals, and irrespective of the warming trend, the periodic inflow of cold air into the northern mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and associated snow cover changes dominated T crown , resulting in annual phenological anomalies with a range of fluctuations of approximately 1 month. The trend of increasing T air during spring in northern Japan is consistent with the global trend, with a pronounced trend of advancing phenology reaching >4 days/decade in a typical cooler location experiencing snowmelt in March.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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