Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol.

Autor: Ashine T; Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Ebstie YA; Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Ibrahim R; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan., Epstein A; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Bradley J; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Nouredayem M; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Michael MG; Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Sidiahmed A; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan., Negash N; Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Kochora A; Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Sulieman JE; Sennar Malaria Research and Training Centre (SMART Centre), Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan., Reynolds AM; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Alemayehu E; Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Zemene E; Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Eyasu A; Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Dagne A; Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Hailemeskel E; Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Jaiteh F; Unit of Socio-Ecological Health Research, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium., Geleta D; School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia., Lejore E; School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia., Weetman D; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Hussien AM; Primary Health Care General Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan., Saad F; Primary Health Care General Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan., Assefa G; Disease Prevention and Control Directorate, Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Solomon H; Disease Prevention and Control Directorate, Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Bashir A; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan., Massebo F; Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Peeters K; Unit of Socio-Ecological Health Research, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium., Yewhalaw D; Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Kafy HT; Directorate General of Global Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan., Donnelly MJ; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Gadisa E; Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Malik EM; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan., Wilson AL; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Sep 03; Vol. 19 (9), pp. e0309058. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 03 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309058
Abstrakt: Background: Endemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the Persian Gulf, was recently detected in Africa and may change the epidemiology of malaria across the continent. Little is known about the public health implications of An. stephensi in Africa. This study is designed to assess the relative importance of household exposure to An. stephensi and endemic malaria vectors for malaria risk in urban Sudan and Ethiopia.
Methods: Case-control studies will be conducted in 3 urban settings (2 in Sudan, 1 in Ethiopia) to assess the association between presence of An. stephensi in and around households and malaria. Cases, defined as individuals positive for Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and controls, defined as age-matched individuals negative for P. falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/RDT, will be recruited from public health facilities. Both household surveys and entomological surveillance for adult and immature mosquitoes will be conducted at participant homes within 48 hours of enrolment. Adult and immature mosquitoes will be identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate the association between presence of An. stephensi and malaria status, adjusted for co-occurrence of other malaria vectors and participant gender.
Conclusions: Findings from this study will provide evidence of the relative importance of An. stephensi for malaria burden in urban African settings, shedding light on the need for future intervention planning and policy development.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Ashine et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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