Interplay between particle size and microbial ecology in the gut microbiome.

Autor:	Letourneau J; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., Carrion VM; Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., Zeng J; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., Jiang S; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., Osborne OW; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., Holmes ZC; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., Fox A; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., Epstein P; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., Tan CY; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., Kirtley M; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., Surana NK; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.; Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.; Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States., David LA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.; Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The ISME journal [ISME J] 2024 Jan 08; Vol. 18 (1).
DOI:	10.1093/ismejo/wrae168
Abstrakt:	Physical particles can serve as critical abiotic factors that structure the ecology of microbial communities. For non-human vertebrate gut microbiomes, fecal particle size (FPS) has been known to be shaped by chewing efficiency and diet. However, little is known about what drives FPS in the human gut. Here, we analyzed FPS by laser diffraction across a total of 76 individuals and found FPS to be strongly individualized. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, a behavioral intervention with 41 volunteers designed to increase chewing efficiency did not impact FPS. Dietary patterns could also not be associated with FPS. Instead, we found evidence that human and mouse gut microbiomes shaped FPS. Fecal samples from germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice exhibited increased FPS relative to colonized mice. In humans, markers of longer transit time were correlated with smaller FPS. Gut microbiota diversity and composition were also associated with FPS. Finally, ex vivo culture experiments using human fecal microbiota from distinct donors showed that differences in microbiota community composition can drive variation in particle size. Together, our results support an ecological model in which the human gut microbiome plays a key role in reducing the size of food particles during digestion. This finding has important implications for our understanding of energy extraction and subsequent uptake in gastrointestinal tract. FPS may therefore be viewed as an informative functional readout, providing new insights into the metabolic state of the gut microbiome. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Microbial Ecology.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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