Targeting and activation of macrophages in leishmaniasis. A focus on iron oxide nanoparticles.

Autor:	Palomino-Cano C; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain., Moreno E; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain., Irache JM; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.; Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain., Espuelas S; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.; Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2024 Aug 15; Vol. 15, pp. 1437430. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 15 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1437430
Abstrakt:	Macrophages play a pivotal role as host cells for Leishmania parasites, displaying a notable functional adaptability ranging from the proinflammatory, leishmanicidal M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory, parasite-permissive M2 phenotype. While macrophages can potentially eradicate amastigotes through appropriate activation, Leishmania employs diverse strategies to thwart this activation and redirect macrophages toward an M2 phenotype, facilitating its survival and replication. Additionally, a competition for iron between the two entities exits, as iron is vital for both and is also implicated in macrophage defensive oxidative mechanisms and modulation of their phenotype. This review explores the intricate interplay between macrophages, Leishmania , and iron. We focus the attention on the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as a sort of immunotherapy to treat some leishmaniasis forms by reprogramming Leishmania -permissive M2 macrophages into antimicrobial M1 macrophages. Through the specific targeting of iron in macrophages, the use of IONPs emerges as a promising strategy to finely tune the parasite-host interaction, endowing macrophages with an augmented antimicrobial arsenal capable of efficiently eliminating these intrusive microbes. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2024 Palomino-Cano, Moreno, Irache and Espuelas.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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