| Autor: |
Bohórquez JA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.; Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.; Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA., Jagannath C; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA., Xu H; Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70112, USA., Wang X; Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70112, USA., Yi G; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.; Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.; Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
Coinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant public health concern. Individuals infected with Mtb who acquire HIV are approximately 16 times more likely to develop active tuberculosis. T cells play an important role as both targets for HIV infection and mediators of the immune response against both pathogens. This review aims to synthesize the current literature and provide insights into the effects of HIV/ Mtb coinfection on T cell populations and their contributions to immunity. Evidence from multiple in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrates that T helper responses are severely compromised during coinfection, leading to impaired cytotoxic responses. Moreover, HIV's targeting of Mtb -specific cells, including those within granulomas, offers an explanation for the severe progression of the disease. Herein, we discuss the patterns of differentiation, exhaustion, and transcriptomic changes in T cells during coinfection, as well as the metabolic adaptations that are necessary for T cell maintenance and functionality. This review highlights the interconnectedness of the immune response and the pathogenesis of HIV/ Mtb coinfection. |
