Molecular Iodine Improves the Efficacy and Reduces the Side Effects of Metronomic Cyclophosphamide Treatment against Mammary Cancer Progression.

Autor: Delgado-González E; Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico., Ríos-Arellano EL; Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico., Anguiano B; Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico., Aceves C; Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2024 Aug 13; Vol. 25 (16). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 13.
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168822
Abstrakt: Metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (Cpp) has shown promising results in cancer protocols. These lower and prolonged doses have antiangiogenic, pro-cytotoxic, and moderate secondary effects. Molecular iodine (I 2 ) reduces the viability of cancer cells and, with chemotherapeutic agents, activates the antitumoral immune response and diminishes side effects. The present work evaluates the adjuvant of oral I 2 with Cpp using a murine model of mammary cancer. Female Sprague Dawley rats with 7,12-dimethylbenzantracene-induced tumors received Cpp intraperitoneal (50 and 70 mg/kg two times/week, iCpp50 and iCpp70) and oral (0.03%; 50 mg/Kg; oCpp50) doses. I 2 (0.05%, 50 mg/100 mL) and oCpp50 were offered in drinking water for three weeks. iCpp70 was the most efficient antitumoral dose but generated severe body weight loss and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). I 2 prevented body weight loss, exhibited adjuvant actions with Cpp, decreasing tumor growth, and canceled HC mechanisms, including decreases in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Survivin expression. oCpp50 + I 2 diminished angiogenic signals (CD34, vessel-length, and VEGF content) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and increased cytotoxic (lymphocytic infiltration, CD8 + cells, Tbet, and interferon-gamma) and antioxidant markers (nuclear erythroid factor-2 and glutathione peroxidase). I 2 enhances the effectiveness of oCpp, making it a compelling candidate for a clinical protocol.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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