Extensive low-density Plasmodium falciparum reservoir in the island of Príncipe, an isolated malaria pre-elimination setting.

Autor:	de Sousa TN; Division of Parasitology. Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Molecular Biology and Malaria Immunology Research Group, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Machado PC; Science and Community Support Service (SACC), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal., Lopes I; Science and Community Support Service (SACC), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal., Das Neves E; Science and Community Support Service (SACC), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal., Narciso A; Monitoring and Evaluation Unit of PNEP, Autonomous Region of Príncipe, São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe., Pires A; National Endemic Center (CNE), Health Ministry, São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe., Santos A; National Endemic Center (CNE), Health Ministry, São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe., Trovoada MJ; National Endemic Center (CNE), Health Ministry, São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe., Gil JP; Division of Parasitology. Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Individual Health Care (IHC), Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal., Lopes D; Science and Community Support Service (SACC), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Tropical Medicine Unit, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Vector Borne Diseases and Pathogens (VBD), Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: dferreira@ihmt.unl.pt.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases [Int J Infect Dis] 2024 Oct; Vol. 147, pp. 107220. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 27.
DOI:	10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107220
Abstrakt:	Objectives: The isolated Príncipe is at the malaria pre-elimination stage. Autochthonous clinical cases have been reported sporadically on the island, signaling the possibility of a sizable subpatent (i.e., rapid diagnostic test- and microscopy-negative and polymerase chain reaction [PCR]-positive) parasite reservoir. Methods: Asymptomatic low-density infections were detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting Plasmodium falciparum multicopy genes (pfr364 and varATS). Positivity rates were assayed for samples surveyed by active case detection (n = 112) and reactive case detection (n = 221) in 2022. Results: qPCR unveiled 70% of low parasitemia carriers, reaching >90% in reactive case detection. The high P. falciparum prevalence was confirmed by the two high-sensitivity qPCR protocols. Higher positivity rates were observed in the localities where most malaria cases were reported in 2022. Most parasitemias were very low (<2 Pf /µl). Conclusions: These findings suggest that pre-elimination surveillance can benefit from the routine application of highly sensitive tools to unveil otherwise invisible but potentially relevant parasite populations. Competing Interests: Declarations of competing interest The authors have no competing interests to declare. (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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