Chronic Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance-Free Firefighting Foams to Aquatic Organisms.

Autor: Fuller N; EA Engineering, Science and Technology Inc., PBC, Hunt Valley, Maryland, USA., Suski JG; EA Engineering, Science and Technology Inc., PBC, Hunt Valley, Maryland, USA., Lanasa S; EA Engineering, Science and Technology Inc., PBC, Hunt Valley, Maryland, USA., Chanov MK; EA Engineering, Science and Technology Inc., PBC, Hunt Valley, Maryland, USA., Jones DK; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA., Haskins DL; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA., Quinlin KA; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA., Wigren MA; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA., Hoverman JT; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA., Choi YJ; Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA., Sepulveda MS; Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA., Lee LS; Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA., Lotufo GR; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi., Kennedy A; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi., May L; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi., Harmon A; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi., Biber T; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi., Melby N; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi., Moore DW; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi., Key PB; NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA., Chung KW; NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA., Wirth EF; NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA., Anderson TA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental toxicology and chemistry [Environ Toxicol Chem] 2024 Nov; Vol. 43 (11), pp. 2436-2454. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 27.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5979
Abstrakt: Amid global concern regarding the health and environmental impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), there is an urgent need to develop and implement alternative products without PFAS. Consequently, PFAS-free firefighting foams used for fire suppression have been developed for use in military and residential settings. To facilitate the selection of lower-risk PFAS-free foams, the present study focused on the chronic toxicity of seven PFAS-free and one PFAS-containing foam to six aquatic species. Target species included two cladocerans, Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia; the chironomid Chironomus dilutus; the mysid Americamysis bahia; and two fish species, Pimephales promelas and Cyprinodon variegatus, with endpoints including growth, development, reproduction, and survival. To facilitate comparison and product toxicity rankings, effective concentrations (20%, 50%) and no- and lowest-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs and LOECs, respectively) were calculated. Effective concentrations, NOECs, and LOECs varied by over an order of magnitude among foams and species, with several of the PFAS-free formulations ranked as highly toxic based on US Environmental Protection Agency alternatives assessment hazard criteria. Overall, the PFAS-free foams were found to exhibit either similar or greater toxicity compared to the PFAS-containing reference foam across several species and endpoints. Nonmonotonic and hormetic dose responses were observed in D. magna for several of the tested foams, with increased reproduction and growth at intermediate exposures. Generally, tested foam toxicity rankings were consistent with a related acute toxicity study using the same species and formulations, and other research using soil invertebrates. Combined with related efforts for other taxa including mammals, birds, and plants, the present research will facilitate the selection of appropriate PFAS-free firefighting foams that minimize harm to the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2436-2454. © 2024 SETAC.
(© 2024 SETAC.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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