Water Quality Trade-offs for Risk Management Interventions in a Green Building.

Autor: Joshi S; The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.; The Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAlister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA., Richard R; NCS Engineering, 202 E. Earll Drive Suite 110, Phoenix AZ 85012, USA., Hogue D; The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA., Brown J; The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA., Cahill M; The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.; The Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAlister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA., Kotta V; The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.; The Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAlister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA., Call K; The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA., Butzine N; The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.; The Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAlister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA., Marcos-Hernández M; The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA., Alja'fari J; The Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAlister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA., Voth-Gaeddert L; The Biodesign Institute Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAlister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA., Boyer T; The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.; Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, PO Box 873005, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA., Hamilton KA; The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.; The Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAlister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental science : water research & technology [Environ Sci (Camb)] 2024 Apr 01; Vol. 10 (4), pp. 767-786. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 20.
DOI: 10.1039/d3ew00650f
Abstrakt: Premise plumbing water quality degradation has led to negative health impacts from pathogen outbreaks (e.g., Legionella pneumophila and non-tuberculous mycobacteria), as well as chronic effects from exposure to heavy metals or disinfection by-products (DBP). Common water quality management interventions include flushing, heat shock (thermal disinfection), supplemental disinfection (shock or super chlorination), and water heater temperature setpoint change. In this study, a Legionella pneumophila - colonized Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified building was monitored to study health-relevant water quality changes before and after three controlled management interventions: (1) flushing at several points throughout the building; (2) changing the water heater set point; and (3) a combination of interventions (1) and (2) by flushing during a period of elevated water heater set point (incompletely performed due to operational issues). Microbial (culturable L. pneumophila, the L. pneumophila mip gene, and cATP) and physico-chemical (pH, temperature, conductivity, disinfectant residual, disinfection by-products (DBPs; total trihalomethanes, TTHM), and heavy metals) water quality were monitored alongside building occupancy as approximated using Wi-Fi logins. Flushing alone resulted in a significant decrease in cATP and L. pneumophila concentrations ( p = 0.018 and 0.019, respectively) and a significant increase in chlorine concentrations ( p = 0.002) as well as iron and DBP levels ( p = 0.002). Copper concentrations increased during the water heater temperature setpoint increase alone to 140°F during December 2022 ( p = 0.01). During the flushing and elevated temperature in parts of the building in February 2023, there was a significant increase in chlorine concentrations ( p = 0.002) and iron ( p = 0.002) but no significant decrease in L. pneumophila concentrations in the drinking water samples ( p = 0.27). This study demonstrated the potential impacts of short term or incompletely implemented interventions which in this case were not sufficient to holistically improve water quality. As implementing interventions is logistically- and time-intensive, more effective and holistic approaches are needed for informing preventative and corrective actions that are beneficial for multiple water quality and sustainability goals.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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