Characterization of antimicrobial resistant Enterobacterales isolated from spinach and soil following zinc amendment.

Autor: Anedda E; Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland; Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland., Ekhlas D; Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland; School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Alexa E; Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland., Farrell ML; Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland., Gaffney MT; Horticultural Development Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland., Madigan G; Bacteriology/Parasitology Division, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Ireland., Morris D; Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland., Burgess CM; Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: kaye.burgess@teagasc.ie.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) [Environ Pollut] 2024 Nov 15; Vol. 361, pp. 124774. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 22.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124774
Abstrakt: Antimicrobial resistant bacteria can occur in the primary food production environment. The emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment can be influenced by several factors, including the presence of heavy metals. The aim of this study was to examine the presence and characteristics of antimicrobial resistant Enterobacterales in soils and spinach grown in soils with and without zinc amendment. A total of 160 samples (92 soil and 68 spinach) were collected from two locations, in which some plots had been amended with zinc. Samples were cultured on selective agars for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacterales. Samples were also cultured for enumeration of total Enterobacterales. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out in accordance with EUCAST and CLSI criteria. The whole genome sequence (WGS) of selected isolates was determined. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was also performed on soil samples in order to measure the concentration of zinc. In total 20 antimicrobial resistant Enterobacterales were isolated from the soil (n = 8) and spinach samples (n = 12). In both sample types, Serratia fonticola (n = 16) was the dominant species, followed by Escherichia coli (n = 1), Citrobacter freundii (n = 1) and Morganella morganii (n = 1) detected in spinach samples, and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1) detected in a soil sample. The WGS identified genes conferring resistance to different antimicrobials in agreement with the phenotypic results; 14 S. fonticola isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers and harboured the bla FONA gene. Genes that encoded for zinc resistance and multidrug efflux pumps, transporters that can target both antimicrobials and heavy metals, were also identified. Overall, the findings of this study suggest the presence of zinc did not influence the AMR Enterobacterales in soil or spinach samples.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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