Efficient biodiesel production by sulfonated carbon catalyst derived from waste glycerine pitch via single-step carbonisation and sulfonation.

Autor: Noor Armylisas AH; Synthesis & Product Development (SPD) Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division (AOTD), Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: noor.armylisas@mpob.gov.my., Hoong SS; Synthesis & Product Development (SPD) Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division (AOTD), Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: sengsoi@mpob.gov.my., Tuan Ismail TNM; Synthesis & Product Development (SPD) Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division (AOTD), Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: maznee@mpob.gov.my., Chan CH; Process Engineering and Design (PED) Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division (AOTD), Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: chan@mpob.gov.my.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Waste management (New York, N.Y.) [Waste Manag] 2024 Dec 01; Vol. 189, pp. 34-43. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 21.
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.011
Abstrakt: Glycerine pitch is a highly alkaline residue from the oleochemical industry that contains glycerol and contaminants, such as water, soap, salt and ash. In this study, acidic heterogeneous glycerol-based carbon catalysts were synthesised for biodiesel production via single-step partial carbonisation and sulfonation using pure glycerol and glycerine pitch, producing products labelled as SGC and SGPC, respectively. Carbon materials were obtained by heating glycerol and concentrated sulfuric acid (1:3) at 200℃ for 1 h. The produced SGC and SGPC displayed high densities of sulfonic group (-SO 3 H), i.e. 1.49 and 1.00 mmol·g -1 , respectively, alongside carboxylic (-COOH) and phenolic (-OH) acid. In the catalytic evaluation, excellent oleic acid conversions of 96.0 ± 0.4 % and 92.4 ± 0.5 % were achieved using SGC and SGPC, respectively, under optimised reaction conditions: 1:10 M ratio of oleic acid to methanol, 5 % (w/w) catalyst, 64℃ and 5 h. SGPC was found to be recyclable with 68.5 % conversion after the 6th cycle, which was attributed to the loss of -SO 3 H and catalyst deactivation by the deposition of oleic acid on its surface. Remarkably, despite the impurities present in the glycerine pitch, the obtained results demonstrated that the reactivity of SGPC is comparable to SGC and superior to that of commercial solid acid catalysts, which demonstrated that the presence of impurities appears to have minimal impact on the production of carbon materials and their properties.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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