Temporal distribution and ecological risk assessment for pesticides in water from the north-central coastal zone of Sinaloa, Mexico.

Autor:	Leyva-Morales JB; Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico., Bastidas-Bastidas PJ; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado km. 5.5 Campo el Diez, Culiacán, C.P. 80396, Sinaloa, Mexico., Salvatierra-Stamp VDC; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, km 9 carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán, C.P. 28400, Colima, Mexico., González-Márquez LC; Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología-Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Av Universidad S/N, Fraccionamiento Villa Universidad, Guasave, C.P. 81048, Sinaloa, Mexico., Davizon YA; Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Av. Tecnológico No. 1340, Fracc. El Crucero, Ciudad Juárez, C.P. 32500, Chihuahua, Mexico.; Tecnológico Nacional de México/ IT de Los Mochis, Juan de Dios, Bátiz y 20 de Noviembre, Los Mochis, C.P. 81259, Sinaloa, Mexico., Márquez-Pacheco H; Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica del Mar y la Sierra, Carretera a Potrerillos del Norote km. 3, La Cruz, Elota, C.P. 82700, Sinaloa, Mexico., Amillano-Cisneros JM; Ingeniería en Agrotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Mar y la Sierra, Carretera a Potrerillos del Norote Km.3, La Cruz, Elota, C.P. 82700, Sinaloa, Mexico., Cruz-Acevedo E; Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Desarrollo Humano, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico., Amézquita-López BA; Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez y Blvd. de las Américas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán, C.P. 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico., Romo Gómez C; Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico., De la Torre Espinosa ZY; Departamento de Salud-Licenciatura en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Av. Universidad S/N, Fraccionamiento Villa Universidad, Guasave, 81048, Sinaloa, Mexico., Rodríguez-Aguilar BA; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, km 9 carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán, C.P. 28400, Colima, Mexico.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Heliyon [Heliyon] 2024 Jul 25; Vol. 10 (15), pp. e35207. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 25 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35207
Abstrakt:	Water contamination with pesticides is one of the major pollution problems in northwestern Mexico, and this is due to the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture. In this research, water samples of ten sampling sites (fishing grounds, beaches, and both) were analyzed in the search for 28 pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, among other chemical classes), supplemented with a calculation of the resulting potential environmental risk. Pesticides were separated from the matrix by liquid-liquid extraction and quantified by gas chromatography coupled to electron micro-capture (organohalogenated) and pulsed flame photometric detectors (organophosphates). In addition, the ecotoxicological risk of pesticides in algae, invertebrates, and fish was assessed, based on seawater pesticide concentrations using the Risk Quotient (RQ) and Toxic Units (TU) approach. The results showed 18 pesticides identified in the analyzed samples, where cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were identified with the maximum concentrations of 1.223 and 0.994 μg L -1 , respectively. In addition, these two pesticides have been associated with acute toxic effects on algae, invertebrates, and fish. It is important to pay particular attention to the search for long-term alternatives to the use of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin due to their high detection rates and the risks associated with their toxic properties. However, the adoption of alternative measures to synthetic pesticide control should be a priority, moving towards sustainable practices such as the use of biopesticides, crop rotation and polycultures. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2024 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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