Salinity negatively correlates with the production and immunity of chicken: A molecular insight for food security and safety issues.

Autor:	Biswas S; Department of Anatomy, Histology & Physiology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh., Masum MA; Department of Anatomy, Histology & Physiology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh., Sarkar SK; Department of Anatomy, Histology & Physiology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh., Saud B; Department of Anatomy, Histology & Physiology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh., Akter R; Department of Anatomy, Histology & Physiology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh., Islam KBMS; Department of Medicine & Public Health, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh., Karim SJI; Department of Medicine & Public Health, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh., Rahman MM; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh., Golbar HM; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh., Alam ME; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh., Islam MA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh., Begum M; Department of Poultry Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh., Rahman MM; Department of Oral Anatomy and Oral Physiology, Sapporo Dental College, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh., Ichii O; Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0600818, Japan.; Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan., Kon Y; Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0600818, Japan.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Heliyon [Heliyon] 2024 Jul 20; Vol. 10 (15), pp. e34819. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 20 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34819
Abstrakt:	Salinity intrusion into the freshwater system due to climate change and anthropogenic activities is a growing global concern, which has made humans and domesticated animals more susceptible to diseases, resulting in less productivity. However, the effects of salinity on domesticated and wild birds, especially in terms of production and immunity, have not been fully elucidated yet. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effects of salinity on the production and immunity of birds and the mechanisms by which immunity is compromised. Broiler chicks were subjected to different concentrations of salty water (control = normal water, treatment = 5 g/L, treatment = 10 g/L, and treatment = 15 g/L). The collected blood and organs from different groups of broilers were biochemically and histopathologically examined. Birds in salt-treated groups consumed significantly less feed than the control group, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly higher. Body weight gain was significantly lower in salt-treated groups compared to control. Serum analysis revealed a lower systemic antibody titer in the salt-treated groups compared to the control. Primary lymphoid organs (thymus and bursa of Fabricius) were reduced in size in the salt-treated group due to cellular migration and depletion from these organs. Importantly, most of the parenchyma of lymphoid organs was replaced with fibrotic tissue. Gut microbes, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp ., from salt-treated groups, showed less viability but developed antibiotic resistance. Levels of salinity were significantly and negatively correlated with feed intake, body weight gain, antibody titer, lymphoid organ size, and viable count of gut microbes, while FCR, fibrosis of lymphoid organs, and antibiotic resistance were significant positively correlated. In conclusion, increased salinity is a possible threat to food security and safety as it decreases body weight gain, reduces immunity, and influences the development of multi-drug resistance in gut microbes. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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