Bridging the gap: Prenatal nutrition, myelination, and schizophrenia etiopathogenesis.

Autor: Ortiz-Valladares M; Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040. México. Electronic address: movalladares@ucol.mx., Gonzalez-Perez O; Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040. México., Pedraza-Medina R; Medical Science Postgraduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040. México.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Neuroscience [Neuroscience] 2024 Oct 18; Vol. 558, pp. 58-69. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 17.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.08.019
Abstrakt: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex mental illness characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotionality, and behavior, significantly impacting the quality of life for individuals affected and those around them. The etiology of SZ involves intricate interactions between genetic and environmental factors, although the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Genetic predisposition, neurotransmitter dysregulation (particularly involving dopamine and serotonin), and structural brain abnormalities, including impaired prefrontal cortex function, have been implicated in SZ development. However, increasing evidence reveals the role of environmental factors, such as nutrition, during critical periods like pregnancy and lactation. Epidemiological studies suggest that early malnutrition significantly increases the risk of SZ symptoms manifesting in late adolescence, a crucial period coinciding with peak myelination and brain maturation. Prenatal undernutrition may disrupt myelin formation, rendering individuals more susceptible to SZ pathology. This review explores the potential relationship between prenatal undernutrition, myelin alterations, and susceptibility to SZ. By delineating the etiopathogenesis, examining genetic and environmental factors associated with SZ, and reviewing the relationship between SZ and myelination disorders, alongside the impact of malnutrition on myelination, we aim to examine how malnutrition might be linked to SZ by altering myelination processes, which contribute to increasing the understanding of SZ etiology and help identify targets for intervention and management.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 International Brain Research Organization (IBRO). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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