Effects of climate and anthropogenic pressures on chemical warfare agent transfer in the Baltic Sea food web.

Autor: Czub MJ; Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland. Electronic address: mj.czub@uw.edu.pl., Silberberger MJ; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland; Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland., Bełdowski J; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland., Kotwicki L; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland., Muller-Karulis B; Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden., Tomczak MT; Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: maciej.tomczak@slu.se.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2024 Nov 15; Vol. 951, pp. 175455. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 12.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175455
Abstrakt: The Baltic Sea is a severely disturbed marine ecosystem previously used as a dumping ground for chemical warfare agents (CWA), which are now known to enter its food web. We have performed a modelling exercise using a calibrated and validated Central Baltic Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model to recreate the potential environmental pathways of the infamous Clark I (diphenylchlorarsine). Observations from modelling timestamps covering recent times correspond with in situ detections in sediments and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Under applied modelling conditions and scenarios, there is an active transfer of Clark I from sediments through the Baltic Sea food-web. According to our results, Clark I bioaccumulates within the Baltic Sea food web exclusively throughout the detritus-based food chain. The EwE model for the Central Baltic Sea also allows the simulation of changes in the food web under multiple anthropogenic stressors and management efforts, including recommendations from the Helsinki Commission Baltic Sea Action Plan (HELCOM BSAP). Among all investigated scentarios and factors, the commercial fishing is the most impactful on Clark I accumulation rate and contamination transfer within the Baltic Sea food web. The study indicates the need to extend the existing monitoring approach by adding additional species representing a broader range of ecological niches and tiers within the food chains. From the environmental perspective, the remediation of Chemical Weapons by removal should be considered as part of the integrated management of the Baltic Sea.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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