Gut-derived appetite hormones do not explain energy intake differences in humans following low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets.

Autor: Hengist A; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Sciarrillo CM; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Guo J; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Walter M; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Hall KD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) [Obesity (Silver Spring)] 2024 Sep; Vol. 32 (9), pp. 1689-1698. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 07.
DOI: 10.1002/oby.24104
Abstrakt: Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how dietary macronutrient composition influences postprandial appetite hormone responses and subsequent energy intake.
Methods: A total of 20 adults (mean [SEM], age 30 [1] years, BMI 27.8 [1.3] kg/m 2 , n = 8 with normal weight, n = 6 with overweight, n = 6 with obesity) consumed a low-fat (LF) diet (10% fat, 75% carbohydrate) and a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet (10% carbohydrate, 75% fat) for 2 weeks each in an inpatient randomized crossover design. At the end of each diet, participants consumed isocaloric macronutrient-representative breakfast test meals, and 6-h postprandial responses were measured. Ad libitum energy intake was measured for the rest of the day.
Results: The LC meal resulted in greater mean postprandial plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; LC: 6.44 [0.78] pg/mL, LF: 2.46 [0.26] pg/mL; p < 0.0001), total glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; LC: 578 [60] pg/mL, LF: 319 [37] pg/mL; p = 0.0004), and peptide YY (PYY; LC: 65.6 [5.6] pg/mL, LF: 50.7 [3.8] pg/mL; p = 0.02), whereas total ghrelin (LC: 184 [25] pg/mL, LF: 261 [47] pg/mL; p = 0.0009), active ghrelin (LC: 91 [9] pg/mL, LF: 232 [28] pg/mL; p < 0.0001), and leptin (LC: 26.9 [6.5] ng/mL, LF: 35.2 [7.5] ng/mL; p = 0.01) were lower compared with LF. Participants ate more during LC at lunch (244 [85] kcal; p = 0.01) and dinner (193 [86] kcal; p = 0.04), increasing total subsequent energy intake for the day compared with LF (551 [103] kcal; p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: In the short term, endogenous gut-derived appetite hormones do not necessarily determine ad libitum energy intake.
(Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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