Brain Punch: K-1 Fights Affect Brain Wave Activity in Professional Kickboxers.

Autor: Rydzik Ł; Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571, Kraków, Poland. lukasz.rydzik@awf.krakow.pl., Kopańska M; Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland., Wąsacz W; Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571, Kraków, Poland., Ouergui I; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, 7100, El Kef, Tunisia., Obmiński Z; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, 01-982, Warsaw, Poland., Pałka T; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Krakow, Poland., Ambroży T; Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571, Kraków, Poland., Malliaropoulos N; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4DG, UK.; Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic, 54639, Thessaloniki, Greece.; Sports Clinic, Rheumatology Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, E1 4DG, UK., Maffulli N; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4DG, UK.; Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Psychology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.; Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK., Lota KS; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4DG, UK., Jaszczur-Nowicki J; Department Physiotherapy, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland., Król P; Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland., Czarny W; Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland., Szczygielski J; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland.; Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) [Sports Med] 2024 Dec; Vol. 54 (12), pp. 3169-3179. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 07.
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02082-5
Abstrakt: Background: Kickboxing is a popular striking combat sport, and K-1 is a type of kickboxing. Direct head blows can cause significant long-term injury and affect brain wave activity.
Objectives: We aim to compare the changes in brain wave activities of fighters during a K-1 kickboxing contest to those in a control group, who were striking a punching bag and were not hit by another K-1 athlete.
Methods: A total of 100 professional Polish K-1 kickboxers were split evenly into experimental (n = 50, age 25.5 ± 4.63 years) and control (n = 50, age 26.6 ± 5.22 years) groups. We used quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to assess the spectrum of brain wave activity (delta, theta, alpha, sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), beta-1 and beta-2) before and after an intervention (experimental: K-1 contest, control: simulated contest), with eyes open and then closed. The number of direct blows to the head was also recorded for all bouts. Comparative and statistical analyses between selected variables were performed.
Results: K-1 fighters showed elevated baseline brain activity for the entire delta band (p < 0.001). There was significant variation in brain activity among the experimental group following the intervention and compared with the control group for all wave types (p < 0.001). No significant variation in activity was found in the control group. The number of direct head blows was positively correlated with brain activity, at delta and beta-2 wave frequencies.
Conclusions: K-1 kickboxing is associated with detectable changes in brain wave activity. It is presently unclear what the long-term effects of these changes in brain wave activities are, and longitudinal studies are necessary to study the brain health of kickboxers.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Author contributions: Conceptualization: Ł.R., M.K; methodology: Ł.R., M.K., I.O. and J.S; formal analysis: Ł.R., W.W., T.A. and Z.O; investigation: Ł.R., P.K. and W.C; resources: Ł.R., M.K., J.S., K.S.L., Z.O. and J.J.N; data curation: Ł.R., M.K., W.W. and J.J.N; writing—original draft: Ł.R., M.K., T.P., I.O. and WW; writing—review and editing: Ł.R., M.K N.M., K.S.L., N.Maffulli., J.S. and T.A; visualization: Ł.R., P.K. and W.C; supervision: Ł.R., N.M., N.Maffulli., T.A. and J.S.; project administration: Ł.R.; funding acquisition: Ł.R., T.A., W.C., T.P. and P.K. All authors read and approved the final version. Funding: No funding was received to support this work. Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Rzeszów (protocol code: 2022/038) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data availability statement: All data have been included in the manuscript and its Supplementary Materials.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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