Land conflicts from overlapping claims in Brazil's rural environmental registry.

Autor:	Furumo PR; Department of Earth System Science and Woods Institute for the Environment, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305., Yu J; Department of Earth System Science and Woods Institute for the Environment, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139., Hogan JA; International Institute of Tropical Forestry, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, San Juan, PR 00926., Tavares de Carvalho LM; Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203, Brazil., Brito B; Imazon, Belém, PA 66055, Brazil., Lambin EF; Department of Earth System Science and Woods Institute for the Environment, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.; Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-le-Neuve B-1348, Belgium.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2024 Aug 13; Vol. 121 (33), pp. e2407357121. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 07.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2407357121
Abstrakt:	Satellite-based land use monitoring and farm-level traceability offer opportunities for targeted zero-deforestation interventions on private lands. Brazil's Rural Environmental Registry (Cadastro Ambiental Rural, or "CAR"), a land cadaster based on self-declaration of property boundaries, was created to monitor compliance with national forest laws. It has become an important enabling measure for sustainable supply chain initiatives like the Amazon Soy Moratorium. However, CAR enrollment is increasingly used to bolster illegal land claims, putting it at the heart of land grabbing dynamics. Self-declaration of properties in the CAR offers a unique situation to study land conflicts and their impact on land use decisions on a large scale. We quantified competing land claims among 846,420 registrations in the Brazilian Legal Amazon and applied a series of generalized linear mixed-effects models. We determined that CAR overlaps are more prevalent on larger registrations, in more densely settled areas, and in areas with less secure land tenure. We tested how landholders respond to land conflicts, finding significantly more deforestation and declared legal forest reserve on lands with multiple claims. CAR overlap results in an overestimation of forest reserves by up to 9.7 million hectares when considering double-counted and deforested areas of reserves, highlighting an overlooked form of Forest Code noncompliance. While the CAR continues to be used as evidence of land tenure, we conclude that the formalization of land claims through self-declarations is inadequate to decrease conflicts. CAR overlap information provides objective evidence of land conflict that authorities can leverage with field inspection to ensure peaceful occupation before issuing land titles. Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu