Levels of potentially toxic and essential elements in Tocantins River sediment: health risks at Brazil's Savanna-Amazon interface.

Autor: Machado da Silva Acioly T; Postgraduate in Animal Science (PPGCA/UEMA), Multi-User Laboratories in Postgraduate Research (LAMP), State University of Maranhão, São Luís, 65081-400, Brazil. tmsacioly@gmail.com., Francisco da Silva M; Center for Exact, Natural and Technological Sciences (CCENT), State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL), Imperatriz, 65900-000, Brazil., Iannacone J; Animal Ecology and Biodiversity Laboratory (LEBA), Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, 15007, Lima, Peru., Viana DC; Postgraduate in Animal Science (PPGCA/UEMA), Multi-User Laboratories in Postgraduate Research (LAMP), State University of Maranhão, São Luís, 65081-400, Brazil. diego_carvalho_@hotmail.com.; Center of Agrarian Sciences, Center for Advanced Morphophysiological Studies (NEMO), State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL), Imperatriz, 65900-000, Brazil. diego_carvalho_@hotmail.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Aug 04; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 18037. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 04.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66570-4
Abstrakt: The field study aims to address identified research gaps by providing valuable information on the concentration, spatial distribution, pollution levels, and source apportionment of toxic and essential elements in sediment samples from four sampling sites (P1: Beira Rio (urban area), P2: Bananal (rural area), P3: Embiral (rural area), P4: Cidelândia (rural area) distributed along the middle Tocantins River, Brazil. Samples were collected in 2023 from river sections and analyzed using various contamination índices (geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index, sediment pollution index, potential ecological risk coefficients, and integrated risk index). Results indicated that the levels of aluminum, iron, manganese, and selenium exceeded legal standards in that year. Chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, and lead exceeded guidelines, mainly in section P1 for aluminum and section P3 for nickel and lead. Rainy months showed increased presence, indicating seasonal variability. The geoaccumulation index indicated low pollution levels, with lead and nickel notably present near urban and industrial areas. The enrichment factor highlighted elevated concentrations of lead and zinc in industrial areas. Both PLI and SPI indices raise concerns regarding Pb (P4) and Zn (P3) concentrations at specific times of the year. Overall, potential ecological risks were deemed low for most sites. Continuous monitoring and interventions are crucial to preserve water and environmental quality in the region.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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