Evaluating the modulation of peripheral immune profile in people living with HIV and (Neuro)cysticercosis.

Autor: Lema YL; Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania., Prodjinotho UF; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.; Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Makasi C; Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania., Nanyaro MA; Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania., Kilale AM; Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania., Mfinanga S; Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Kampala International University, Kampala, Tanzania.; School of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health & Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania., Stelzle D; Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany., Schmidt V; Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany., Carabin H; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.; School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.; Research Group on Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.; Public Health Research Center of the University of Montreal and the CIUSSS of Center-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Winkler AS; Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.; Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America., Lyamuya EF; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health & Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania., Ngowi BJ; Muhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Mbeya College of Health & Allied Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Mbeya Tanzania., Chachage M; Mbeya College of Health & Allied Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Mbeya Tanzania.; Mbeya Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mbeya, Tanzania., Prazeres da Costa C; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.; Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2024 Aug 02; Vol. 18 (8), pp. e0012345. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 02 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012345
Abstrakt: Background: The parasitic infection caused by Taenia solium represents a significant public health concern in developing countries. Larval invasion of body tissues leads to cysticercosis (CC), while central nervous system (CNS) involvement results in neurocysticercosis (NCC). Both conditions exhibit diverse clinical manifestations, and the potential impact of concomitant HIV infection especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa on peripheral and CNS immune responses remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the potential impact of HIV coinfection in CC and NCC patients.
Methodology: A nested study within a cross-sectional analysis in two Tanzanian regions was performed and 234 participants (110 HIV+ and 124 HIV-) were tested for cysticercosis antibodies, antigens, CD4 counts and serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines via multiplex bead-based immunoassay. 127 cysticercosis seropositive individuals underwent cranial computed tomography (CCT) and clinical symptoms were assessed. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with cytokine modulation due to HIV in CC and NCC patients.
Results: Serologically, 18.8% tested positive for cysticercosis antibodies, with no significant difference HIV+ and HIV+. A significantly higher rate of cysticercosis antigen positivity was found in HIV+ individuals (43.6%) compared to HIV- (28.2%) (p = 0.016). CCT scans revealed that overall 10.3% had active brain cysts (NCC+). Our study found no significant changes in the overall cytokine profiles between HIV+ and HIV- participants coinfected CC and NCC, except for IL-5 which was elevated in HIV+ individuals with cysticercosis. Furthermore, HIV infection in general was associated with increased levels of pro-and some anti-inflammatory cytokines e.g. TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ. However, based on the interaction analyses, no cytokine changes were observed due to HIV in CC or NCC patients.
Conclusions: In conclusion, while HIV infection itself significantly modulates levels of key cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ, it does not modulate any cytokine changes due to CC or NCC. This underscores the dominant influence of HIV on the immune system and highlights the importance of effective antiretroviral therapy in managing immune responses in individuals coinfected with HIV and CC/NCC.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Lema et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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