Actomyosin forces in cell migration: Moving beyond cell body retraction.

Autor: Weißenbruch K; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK., Mayor R; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology [Bioessays] 2024 Oct; Vol. 46 (10), pp. e2400055. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 02.
DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400055
Abstrakt: In textbook illustrations of migrating cells, actomyosin contractility is typically depicted as the contraction force necessary for cell body retraction. This dogma has been transformed by the molecular clutch model, which acknowledges that actomyosin traction forces also generate and transmit biomechanical signals at the leading edge, enabling cells to sense and shape their migratory path in mechanically complex environments. To fulfill these complementary functions, the actomyosin system assembles a gradient of contractile energy along the front-rear axis of migratory cells. Here, we highlight the hierarchic assembly and self-regulatory network structure of the actomyosin system and explain how the kinetics of different nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) paralogs synergize during contractile force generation. Our aim is to emphasize how protrusion formation, cell adhesion, contraction, and retraction are spatiotemporally integrated during different modes of migration, including chemotaxis and durotaxis. Finally, we hypothesize how different NM II paralogs might tune aspects of migration in vivo, highlighting future research directions.
(© 2024 The Author(s). BioEssays published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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