Autophagy in drusen biogenesis secondary to age-related macular degeneration.

Autor: Hyttinen JMT; Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland., Koskela A; Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland., Blasiak J; Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, Plock, Poland., Kaarniranta K; Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Acta ophthalmologica [Acta Ophthalmol] 2024 Nov; Vol. 102 (7), pp. 759-772. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 01.
DOI: 10.1111/aos.16744
Abstrakt: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an emerging cause of blindness in aged people worldwide. One of the key signs of AMD is the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is indispensable for the maintenance of the adjacent photoreceptors. Because of impaired energy metabolism resulting from constant light exposure, hypoxia, and oxidative stress, accumulation of drusen in AMD-affected eyes is observed. Drusen contain damaged cellular proteins, lipoprotein particles, lipids and carbohydrates and they are related to impaired protein clearance, inflammation, and extracellular matrix modification. When autophagy, a major cellular proteostasis pathway, is impaired, the accumulations of intracellular lipofuscin and extracellular drusen are detected. As these aggregates grow over time, they finally cause the disorganisation and destruction of the RPE and photoreceptors leading to visual loss. In this review, the role of autophagy in drusen biogenesis is discussed since impairment in removing cellular waste in RPE cells plays a key role in AMD progression. In the future, means which improve intracellular clearance might be of use in AMD therapy to slow the progression of drusen formation.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Acta Ophthalmologica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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