Italian and Middle Eastern adherence to Mediterranean diet in relation to Body Mass Index and non-communicable diseases: nutritional adequacy of simulated weekly food plans.

Autor: Luconi E; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, Milano, 20133, Italy., Tosi M; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì 8, Milano, 20146, Italy., Boracchi P; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, Milano, 20157, Italy., Colonna I; University of Milan, Milano, Italy., Rappocciolo E; Biology and Biochemistry Department, Birzeit University, PO BOX 14, Birzeit, Palestine., Ferraretto A; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, Milano, 20133, Italy., Lorenzini EC; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, Milano, 20133, Italy. erna.lorenzini@unimi.it.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of translational medicine [J Transl Med] 2024 Jul 30; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 703. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 30.
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05325-1
Abstrakt: Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD), known to prevent obesity, overweight and the related non communicable diseases (NCD), is based on typical dishes, foods and on a common cultural milieu. Although MD is the basis of dietary guidelines, the prevalence of obesity, overweight and NCD, is increasing both in Western regions, and even more in Middle Eastern regions (MER). This study aimed to analyze (i) the impact of different levels of adherence to the MD, in Italy and MER, on body mass index (BMI) (ii) the bromatological composition of a simulated 7-days food plan (7-DFP) based on Italian or MER typical meals, following MD criteria and the Italian or MER food base dietary guideline; (iii) the optimization of nutrients impacting on NCD.
Methods: The 7-DFPs were implemented using a dietary software. The association between adherence to MD and BMI was evaluated by pooled estimated ORs (with 95% confidence intervals and p-values). Pooled measures were obtained by the methods appropriate for meta-analysis. The different food-based guidelines have been compared.
Results: The pooled ORs of obese status comparing medium vs. high adherence to MD were: 1.19 (95% C.I.: 0.99; 1.42, p-value = 0.062) and 1.12 (95% C.I.: 0.90; 1.38, p-value = 0.311) for MER and Italy respectively. For the comparison of low vs. high adherence, the pooled ORs were 1.05 (95% C.I.: 0.88; 1.24, p-value = 0.598) for MER, and 1.20 (95% C.I.: 1.02; 1.41, p-value = 0.031) for Italy when outliers are removed. High adherence to the MD resulted as potential protective factor against obesity. In MER 7-DFP: total fats is higher (34.5 E%) vs. Italian 7-DFP (29.4 E%); EPA (20 mg) and DHA (40 mg) are lower than recommended (200 mg each); sugars (12.6 E%) are higher than recommended (< 10 E%). Calcium, Zinc, and vitamin D do not reach target values in both 7-DFPs.
Conclusion: This study highlights that, even when 7-DFPs follow MD and refer to nutrient needs, it is necessary to verify nutrient excesses or deficits impacting on NCD. High MD adherence is protective toward NCDs. MD principles, and energy balance should be communicated according to socioeconomic and educational levels.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje