Syntheses and medicinal chemistry of spiro heterocyclic steroids.

Autor:	Romero-Hernández LL; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México., Ahuja-Casarín AI; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México., Merino-Montiel P; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México., Montiel-Smith S; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México., Vega-Báez JL; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México., Sandoval-Ramírez J; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Beilstein journal of organic chemistry [Beilstein J Org Chem] 2024 Jul 24; Vol. 20, pp. 1713-1745. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 24 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.3762/bjoc.20.152
Abstrakt:	There is compelling evidence that incorporating a heterocyclic moiety into a steroid can alter its pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties, driving intense interest in the synthesis of such hybrids among research groups. In this review, we present an overview of recent synthetic methodologies, spanning the period from 2000 to 2023, for the preparation of spiro heterocyclic steroids. The compounds surveyed encompass four-, five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocycles appended to various positions of steroidal backbones, with spirocycles containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms being predominant. The outlined synthetic procedures emphasize the pivotal steps for constructing the heterocycles, often accompanied by a detailed account of the overall synthesis pathway. The review encompasses innovative compounds, including bis-steroids linked by a spiro heterocycle and steroids conjugated to heterocyclic moieties containing three or more (hetero)cycles. Moreover, many compounds are accompanied by data on their biological activities, such as antiproliferative, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antifungal, steroid antagonist, and enzyme inhibition, among others, aimed at furnishing pertinent insights for the future design of more potent and selective drugs. (Copyright © 2024, Romero-Hernández et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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