Advances in active targeting of ligand-directed polymeric nanomicelles via exploiting overexpressed cellular receptors for precise nanomedicine.
| Autor: | Agwa MM; Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre 33 El-Behooth St, Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt mona.m.agwa@alexu.edu.eg mm.agwa@nrc.sci.eg magwa79@gmail.com +202 33370931 +202 33371635., Marzouk RE; Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University Helwan Cairo Egypt., Sabra SA; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University Alexandria 21526 Egypt ssabra@uwo.ca ssabra@alexu.edu.eg. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | RSC advances [RSC Adv] 2024 Jul 26; Vol. 14 (32), pp. 23520-23542. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 26 (Print Publication: 2024). |
| DOI: | 10.1039/d4ra04069d |
| Abstrakt: | Many of the utilized drugs which already exist in the pharmaceutical sector are hydrophobic in nature. These drugs are characterized by being poorly absorbed and difficult to formulate in aqueous environments with low bioavailability, which could result in consuming high and frequent doses in order to fulfil the required therapeutic effect. As a result, there is a decisive demand to find modern alternatives to overcome all these drawbacks. Self-assembling polymeric nanomicelles (PMs) with their unique structure appear to be a fascinating choice as a pharmaceutical carrier system for improving the solubility & bioavailability of many drugs. PMs as drug carriers have many advantages including suitable size, high stability, prolonged circulation time, elevated cargo capacity and controlled therapeutic release. Otherwise, the pathological features of some diseased cells, like cancer, allow PMs with particle size <200 nm to be passively uptaken via enhanced permeability and retention phenomenon (EPR). However, the passive targeting approach was proven to be insufficient in many cases. Consequently, the therapeutic efficiency of these PMs can be further reinforced by enhancing their cellular internalization via incorporating targeting ligands. These targeting ligands can enhance the assemblage of loaded cargos in the intended tissues via receptor-mediated endocytosis through exploiting receptors robustly expressed on the exterior of the intended tissue while minimizing their toxic effects. In this review, the up-to-date approaches of harnessing active targeting ligands to exploit certain overexpressed receptors will be summarized concerning the functionalization of the exterior of PMs for ameliorating their targeting potential in the scope of nanomedicine. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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