An Umbrella Review of Body Image Concerns, Disordered Eating, and Eating Disorders in Elite Athletes.

Autor: Fatt SJ; Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia., George E; Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia.; School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia., Hay P; Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia.; Mental Health Services, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Camden and Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown 2560, Australia., Jeacocke N; AIS Performance, Australian Sports Commission, Bruce 2617, Australia., Gotkiewicz E; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA., Mitchison D; Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia.; Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2008, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of clinical medicine [J Clin Med] 2024 Jul 16; Vol. 13 (14). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 16.
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144171
Abstrakt: Background/Objectives: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted to date indicating a high prevalence of disordered eating in elite athletes and associated risk factors. However, the substantial time burden associated with locating and comparing these reviews, which are varied in methodology and sampling focus, may be a barrier for informing policy and best practice as well as directing future research. This umbrella review aimed to provide a summary of evidence across published reviews regarding the prevalence and risk factors for disordered eating (including body image concerns and eating disorders) in elite athletes. Methods: Five databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched for peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) investigated prevalence and risk factors for disordered eating, (2) included a sample of elite athletes, and (3) available in English. The included studies underwent data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the AMSTAR 2. Results: The initial search identified 1828 articles that were screened for title and abstract and then full text, leaving 24 systematic reviews (including 10 meta-analyses). Disordered eating was prevalent across elite athletes, including males and females and across sport type. Elite athletes were at elevated risk for disordered eating and eating disorders but at lower risk for body image concerns versus non-athlete controls. Several risk factors were identified, including female gender, competing in lean sports, and experiencing career changes. Few reviews or meta-analyses examined perceived pressures within the sporting environment, and most had substantial risk of bias concerns. Conclusions: Elite athletes are at risk for the spectrum of disordered eating, and all should be considered for primary prevention and screening. Further research is needed regarding sport-specific versus general pressures and mediators of risk to better inform interventions.
Competing Interests: Phillipa Hay has consulted for Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Scott Fatt, Emma George, Phillipa Hay, and Deborah Mitchison have received an Australian Institute of Sport Research Grant from the Australian Sports Commission. Scott Fatt is in receipt of a Research Training Program scholarship.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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