Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron wave: Results of a longitudinal serosurvey in Québec, Canada.

Autor: Lewin A; Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada. antoine.lewin@hema-quebec.qc.ca., Germain M; Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec, QC, Canada., Bazin R; Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec, QC, Canada., Grégoire Y; Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec, QC, Canada., De Serres G; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada., Renaud C; Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique [Can J Public Health] 2024 Dec; Vol. 115 (6), pp. 946-952. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 26.
DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00918-1
Abstrakt: Objectives: Conventional serological approaches lack sensitivity for the detection of recent SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated individuals, as these individuals exhibit a blunted anti-nucleocapsid (N) response. This limitation was recently addressed by the development of a "ratio-based approach", which compares longitudinally collected specimens. Here, we used this approach to estimate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection in Québec (Canada) during the Omicron wave.
Methods: Consenting plasma donors were included if they donated plasma before December 15, 2021 and during six consecutive periods of ~ 3 months between December 15, 2021 and July 7, 2023 (study period). Anti-N levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and seroconversion was characterized by a ratio of ≥ 1.5 between the optical density of two consecutive samples.
Results: Among the 254 donors, the adjusted proportion of donors (95% confidence interval [CI]) with a new infection ranged between 18.1% (13.2‒23.0) and 24.2% (18.8‒29.7) over Periods 1-5 and fell to 7.9% (4.9‒11.0) during Period 6. During the study period, the proportion of newly infected donors decreased among those aged < 60 (Period 1 = 31.6%, Period 5 = 4.4%), but increased among those aged ≥ 70 (Period 1 = 0.3%, Period 6 = 10.3%). Throughout the study period, 72 (28.3%) reinfections occurred, including two seroconversion events in a single donor. Overall, 87.4% (95% CI = 82.7‒91.2) were infected by SARS-CoV-2 at least once during the study period.
Conclusion: The vast majority of the Québec population may have been infected during the Omicron wave. This longitudinal survey demonstrates the usefulness of the "ratio-based approach" for identifying both new infections and reinfections in a vaccinated population.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: The project described in the current study has obtained ethical approval to establish the cohort and conduct follow-up assessments. Consent to participate: Each participant signed a written consent form. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive license to The Canadian Public Health Association.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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