Implications of altered pyramidal cell morphology on clinical symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Autor: Asad Z; School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland., Fakheir Y; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates., Abukhaled Y; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates., Khalil R; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The European journal of neuroscience [Eur J Neurosci] 2024 Sep; Vol. 60 (5), pp. 4877-4892. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 25.
DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16484
Abstrakt: The prevalence of pyramidal cells (PCs) in the mammalian cerebral cortex underscore their value as they play a crucial role in various brain functions, ranging from cognition, sensory processing, to motor output. PC morphology significantly influences brain connectivity and plays a critical role in maintaining normal brain function. Pathological alterations to PC morphology are thought to contribute to the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. This review explores the relationship between abnormalities in PC morphology in key cortical areas and the clinical manifestations in schizophrenia and ASD. We focus largely on human postmortem studies and provide evidence that dendritic segment length, complexity and spine density are differentially affected in these disorders. These morphological alterations can lead to disruptions in cortical connectivity, potentially contributing to the cognitive and behavioural deficits observed in these disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of investigating the functional and structural characteristics of PCs in these disorders to illuminate the underlying pathogenesis and stimulate further research in this area.
(© 2024 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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