Toxicity of 6-gingerol and Cymbopogon citratus against Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae): Mortality, detoxifying enzymes, and morphological ultrastructure alterations in lice.

Autor: Subahar R; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. Electronic address: subaharizal@yahoo.com., Hadyansyah R; Medical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia., Aldilla R; Medical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia., Yulhasri Y; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia., Winita R; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia., Dwira S; Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia., El Bayani GF; Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Research in veterinary science [Res Vet Sci] 2024 Sep; Vol. 177, pp. 105364. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 22.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105364
Abstrakt: Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), which causes pediculosis capitis, remains a global health concern. Plant products are efficient alternative pediculicides for treating the human ectoparasite P. h. capitis which is resistant to permethrin. The study evaluates the toxicity and mechanisms of 6-gingerol and Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract on P. h. capitis. Pediculus humanus capitis adult stages were exposed to three different dosages of 6-gingerol and C. citratus crude leaf extract on filter sheets for 5, 10, and 30 min, respectively. The biochemical approach was used to assess the activity of detoxifying enzymes including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and oxidase. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the ultrastructure of the morphological body of lice. After 30 min, 6-gingerol and C. citratus leaf extract killed P. h. capitis completely. Bioassay periods significantly affected lice mortality (P < 0.05). The LC 50 values for 6-gingerol and C. citratus extract were 1.79 μg/cm 2 and 25.0 μg/cm 2 , respectively. 6-Gingerol and C. citratus leaf extract significantly lower AChE and GST activity (P < 0.05). Cymbopogon citratus also caused morphological ultrastructure changes in P. h. capitis, including an irregularly formed head, thorax, abdominal respiratory spiracles, and belly. 6-Gingerol and C. citratus leaf extracts could be used as an alternate pediculicide to decrease P. h. capitis populations.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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