Genome analysis reveals three distinct lineages of the cosmopolitan white shark.

Autor:	Wagner I; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway., Smolina I; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway., Koop MEL; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway., Bal T; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway., Lizano AM; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway; Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman Quezon City 1101, Philippines., Choo LQ; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK., Hofreiter M; Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany., Gennari E; Oceans Research Institute, Mossel Bay 6500, South Africa., de Sabata E; MedSharks, 00197 Rome, Italy., Shivji MS; Save Our Seas Shark Foundation Research Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA., Noble LR; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 2TZ, UK. Electronic address: leslie.r.noble@nord.no., Jones CS; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 2TZ, UK. Electronic address: c.s.jones@abdn.ac.uk., Hoarau G; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway. Electronic address: galice.g.hoarau@nord.no.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Current biology : CB [Curr Biol] 2024 Aug 05; Vol. 34 (15), pp. 3582-3590.e4. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 23.
DOI:	10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.076
Abstrakt:	The white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) (Linnaeus, 1758), an iconic apex predator occurring in all oceans, ¹ ^, ² is classified as Vulnerable globally ³ -with global abundance having dropped to 63% of 1970s estimates, ⁴ -and as Critically Endangered in Europe. ⁵ Identification of evolutionary significant units and their management are crucial for conservation, ⁶ especially as the white shark is facing various but often region-specific anthropogenic threats. ⁷ ^, ⁸ ^, ⁹ ^, ¹⁰ ^, ¹¹ Assessing connectivity in a cosmopolitan marine species requires worldwide sampling and high-resolution genetic markers. ¹² Both are lacking for the white shark, with studies to date typified by numerous but geographically limited sampling, and analyses relying largely on relatively small numbers of nuclear microsatellites, ¹³ ^, ¹⁴ ^, ¹⁵ ^, ¹⁶ ^, ¹⁷ ^, ¹⁸ ^, ¹⁹ which can be plagued by various genotyping artefacts and thus require cautious interpretation. ²⁰ Sequencing and computational advances are finally allowing genomes ²¹ ^, ²² ^, ²³ to be leveraged into population studies, ²⁴ ^, ²⁵ ^, ²⁶ ^, ²⁷ with datasets comprising thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here, combining target gene capture (TGC) ²⁸ sequencing (89 individuals, 4,000 SNPs) and whole-genome re-sequencing (17 individuals, 391,000 SNPs) with worldwide sampling across most of the distributional range, we identify three genetically distinct allopatric lineages (North Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, and North Pacific). These diverged 100,000-200,000 years ago during the Penultimate Glaciation, when low sea levels, different ocean currents, and water temperatures produced significant biogeographic barriers. Our results show that without high-resolution genomic analyses of samples representative of a species' range, ¹² the true extent of diversity, presence of past and contemporary barriers to gene flow, subsequent speciation, and local evolutionary events will remain enigmatic. Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests. (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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