Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric hematology-oncology patients.

Autor: Phan V; Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Pediatric Specialists of Virginia, Fairfax, Virginia, USA., Richards T; Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA., Kang K; Inova Schar Heart and Vascular, Fairfax, Virginia, USA., Sheridan M; Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA., Levorson R; Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA., deFilippi C; Inova Schar Heart and Vascular, Fairfax, Virginia, USA., Yang E; Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Pediatric Specialists of Virginia, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.; University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.; George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Pediatric blood & cancer [Pediatr Blood Cancer] 2024 Oct; Vol. 71 (10), pp. e31212. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 22.
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31212
Abstrakt: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected persons with underlying medical conditions. SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and vaccine effectiveness in pediatric hematology-oncology patients were unknown.
Methods: From February to July 2022, anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid Ig were assayed in 354 pediatric hematology-oncology subjects, including 53 oncology patients receiving chemotherapy (cancer), 150 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), and 151 benign consult and long-term follow-up patients (controls). Participants completed a questionnaire.
Results: Frequencies of COVID-19 infection, defined by positive PCR/antigen test or anti-nucleocapsid Ig, were 62% in cancer, 71% in SCD, 52% in controls, with SCD statistically different than controls (p = .001). Infection was associated with COVID-19 exposure, Hispanic/Latino or Black/African American ethnicity, multi-family dwelling, sports participation; COVID-19 booster decreased association with infection. In COVID-19-positive cancer patients, 58% had positive anti-nucleocapsid and 76% had positive anti-spike (≥10 U/mL), compared to essentially 100% seroconversion in SCD and controls (p < .0001, p = .01, respectively). Infection led to high anti-spike (≥2500 U/mL) in 12% cancer, 14% SCD, and 15% controls (p = .93). Vaccination resulted in anti-spike positivity in 90% cancer, 100% SCD, and 100% controls (p = .06), and in high anti-spike in 20% cancer, 47% SCD, and 41% controls (p = .36). Of boosted subjects, one of two cancer, 6/6 SCD, and 19/19 controls exhibited high anti-spike.
Conclusions: Cancer patients demonstrated similar SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency as controls, but diminished antibody response to infection and vaccination. SCD patients exhibited seroconversion indistinguishable from controls. Vaccination was associated with higher frequency of high anti-spike than infection; vaccination plus booster was most effective in eliciting high anti-spike antibody detectable beyond 90 days.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Pediatric Blood & Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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