Management of Long QT Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Autor:	Hauwanga WN; Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRA., Yau RCC; Internal Medicine, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MYS., Goh KS; Internal Medicine, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MYS., Castro Ceron JI; Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., Alphonse B; Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., Singh G; Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., Elamin S; Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., Jamched V; Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., Abraham AA; Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., Purvil J; Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., Devan JN; Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., Valentim G; Public Health, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., McBenedict B; Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., Lima Pessôa B; Neurosurgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BRA., Mesquita ET; Clinical Medicine, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Niterói, BRA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Jun 18; Vol. 16 (6), pp. e62592. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 18 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.62592
Abstrakt:	Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiac disorder characterized by prolonged repolarization of the heart's electrical cycle, which can be observed as an extended QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG). The safe and effective management of LQTS often necessitates a multifaceted approach encompassing pharmacological treatment, lifestyle modifications, and, in high-risk cases, the implantation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Beta-blockers, particularly nadolol and propranolol, are foundational in treating LQTS, especially for high-risk patients, though ICDs are recommended for those with a history of cardiac arrest or recurrent arrhythmic episodes. Intermediate and low-risk patients are usually managed with medical therapy and regular monitoring. Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding strenuous physical activities and certain medications, play a critical role. Additionally, psychological support is essential due to the anxiety and depression associated with LQTS. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) offers an alternative for those intolerant to beta-blockers or ICDs. For diagnosis and management, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are proving beneficial, enhancing early detection and risk stratification. Despite these developments, significant gaps in understanding the pathophysiology and optimal management strategies for LQTS remain. Future research should focus on refining risk stratification, developing new therapeutic approaches, and generating robust data to guide treatment decisions, ultimately aiming for a personalized medicine approach. Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Hauwanga et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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