Wastewater-based epidemiology surveillance as an early warning system for SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia.

Autor:	Murni IK; Center for Child Health - Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia., Oktaria V; Center for Child Health - Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia., McCarthy DT; Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Lab (EPHM Lab), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia.; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia., Supriyati E; Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia., Nuryastuti T; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia., Handley A; Medicines Development for Global Health, Southbank, Victoria Australia.; Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia., Donato CM; Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia., Wiratama BS; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia., Dinari R; Center for Child Health - Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia., Laksono IS; Center for Child Health - Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia., Thobari JA; Center for Child Health - Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia., Bines JE; Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.; Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Jul 18; Vol. 19 (7), pp. e0307364. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 18 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0307364
Abstrakt:	Background: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) surveillance has been proposed as an early warning system (EWS) for community SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, there is limited data from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the ability of WBE surveillance to detect SARS-CoV-2 in formal and informal environments in Indonesia using different methods of sample collection, to compare WBE data with patterns of clinical cases of COVID-19 within the relevant communities, and to assess the WBE potential to be used as an EWS for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks within a community. Materials and Methods: We conducted WBE surveillance in three districts in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, over eleven months (27 July 2021 to 7 January 2022 [Delta wave]; 18 January to 3 June 2022 [Omicron wave]). Water samples using grab, and/or passive sampling methods and soil samples were collected either weekly or fortnightly. RNA was extracted from membrane filters from processed water samples and directly from soil. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect the SARS-CoV-2 N and ORF1ab genes. Results: A total of 1,582 samples were collected. Detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater reflected the incidence of community cases, with rates of 85% at the peak to 2% at the end of the Delta wave and from 94% to 11% during the Omicron wave. A 2-week lag time was observed between the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and increasing cases in the corresponding community. Conclusion: WBE surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia was effective in monitoring patterns of cases of COVID-19 and served as an early warning system, predicting the increasing incidence of COVID-19 cases in the community. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright: © 2024 Murni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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