Rabies Vaccine for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Rabies: A Narrative Review.

Autor:	Kaye AD; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA., Perilloux DM; School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA., Field E; School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA., Orvin CA; School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA., Zaheri SC; School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA., Upshaw WC; School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA., Behara R; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA., Parker-Actlis TQ; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA., Kaye AM; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University of the Pacific, Stockton, USA., Ahmadzadeh S; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA., Shekoohi S; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA., Varrassi G; Pain Medicine, Paolo Procacci Foundation, Rome, ITA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Jun 15; Vol. 16 (6), pp. e62429. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 15 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.62429
Abstrakt:	Rabies, a millennia-old viral infection transmitted through animal bites, poses a lethal threat to humans, with a historic fatality rate of 100% if left untreated. Louis Pasteur's introduction of the rabies vaccine in 1885 marked a turning point in the battle against rabies, preventing numerous cases. The purpose of this paper is to review the historical development, current challenges, and future prospects of rabies vaccination and treatment, with emphasis on the importance of continued research and collaborative efforts in the quest to eradicate this deadly infection. Historical vaccine development progressed from inactivated to live-attenuated forms, with modern recombinant techniques showing promise. The preventive measures at present primarily involve vaccination, but challenges persist, such as differing safety profiles and immunogenicity among vaccine types. Pre-exposure prophylaxis with a three-dose vaccine series is crucial, especially in high-risk scenarios. Post-exposure prophylaxis combines human rabies immunoglobulin and inactivated rabies virus vaccine. The quest for the next generation of vaccines explores genetically modified and viral vector-based approaches; emerging treatments include gene therapy, virus-like particles, and monoclonal antibodies, offering hope for improved outcomes. Economic barriers to post-exposure prophylaxis, limited education, and awareness challenge rabies control. Cost-effective solutions and comprehensive awareness campaigns are vital for the successful eradication of rabies. More research and collaborative endeavors remain pivotal in the ongoing journey to eradicate rabies, one of the deadliest infectious diseases known to humans, if not met with prophylactic measures. Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Kaye et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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